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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 基于处方图的垄作玉米四要素变量施肥机作业效果评价 农业机械学报 2017 (1) 66-70
Position: Home > Articles > Evaluation of Four-element Variable Rate Application of Fertilization Based on Maps Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 2017 (1) 66-70

基于处方图的垄作玉米四要素变量施肥机作业效果评价

作  者：
安晓飞;付卫强;魏学礼;丛岳;王培
单  位：
北京农业智能装备技术研究中心;北京农业信息技术研究中心
关键词：
变量施肥;垄作玉米;精准农业;控制系统;效果评价
摘  要：
为了进一步提高肥料利用率,解决黑龙江垦区垄作玉米施肥作业过程中由于颗粒肥密度不同而造成的肥料分层问题,基于沃尔2BJM施肥机,设计了一套适合垄作玉米四要素变量施肥的控制系统。系统集成了亚米级差分GNSS装置,采用电液比例控制技术分别控制4路排肥轴转速。系统根据用户设置的目标施肥量,实时计算液压马达的目标转速,并同步向肥料控制器发送转速指令。控制器通过光电编码器反馈的马达转速信号,调节比例阀开度,一次完成氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和微肥4种单质肥同步变量施用。田间试验结果表明,各路施肥管误差均小于3.00%,变异系数均小于0.05;与传统施肥机同期作业效果对比表明,玉米株高、叶干质量、地上生物量以及SPAD值与传统施肥区并无明显差异,但变量施肥减小了田块中玉米株高、叶干质量、地上生物量以及SPAD的空间差异性。尿素施用量由217 kg/hm~2减少到了150 kg/hm~2,减少了30.88%;二胺由232 kg/hm~2减少到了200 kg/hm~2,减少了13.79%;钾肥由原来的79 kg/hm~2增加到了108 kg/hm~2,增加了36.70%。肥料的投入成本减少了160元/hm~2,变量施肥测产数据为12 200 kg/hm~2,产量增加了217 kg/hm~2,较传统施肥区增产1.78%,收入增加508元/hm~2。综合考虑系统误差、玉米生长指标和最终产量数据,基于处方图的垄作玉米四要素变量施肥机满足黑龙江垦区玉米施肥作业实际要求,有效解决了肥料分层问题,显著提高了肥料利用率。
译  名：
Evaluation of Four-element Variable Rate Application of Fertilization Based on Maps
作  者：
AN Xiaofei;FU Weiqiang;WEI Xueli;CONG Yue;WANG Pei;Beijing Research Center of Information Technology for Agriculture;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture;
关键词：
variable rate fertilization;;ridge maize;;precision agriculture;;control system;;effective evaluation
摘  要：
In order to solve the fertilizer layered problem caused by the different density of mixed pellet fertilizer in Heilongjiang province,a four-element variable rate fertilization control system was developed based on 2 BJM fertilizer machinery.According to the four different speeds of fertilizer feed shafts,the control system could work on either setting value or fertilizer maps condition by electro-hydraulic proportional control technology.It also integrated a submeter-scale differential GNSS device.The system could calculate the target speed of the hydraulic motor in real time according to the target value,and send the speed instruction to the fertilizer controller synchronously.Once the system received motor speed signal,the opening of proportional valve could be adjusted automatically.And then the four-element synchronization variable fertilization(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and micronutrient fertilizer)could be carried out.The results of field experiment showed that the errors of the fertilizer tubes were less than 3.0%,and the variation coefficient was less than 0.05.Compared with the traditional machinery area,though the maize growth indexes of height,weight,aboveground biomass and SPAD did not increase significantly,all of these variable coefficients reduced obviously.The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization contents reduced from 217 kg/hm~2,232 kg/hm~2 to 150 kg/hm~2,200 kg/hm~2 respectively.The potassium fertilization content increased from 79 kg/hm~2 to 108 kg/hm~2.The final yield data was12 200 kg/hm~2,increasing by 1.81%.All the experiments showed that the four-element variable rate fertilization control system could solve the fertilizer layered problem and satisfy the need in practice.

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