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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 梅氏热厉螨寄生对西方蜜蜂生存率和取食量的影响 应用昆虫学报 2018 (6) 1066-1073
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Tropilaelaps mercedesae on the survival and food consumption of honey bees(Apis mellifera) Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology 2018 (6) 1066-1073

梅氏热厉螨寄生对西方蜜蜂生存率和取食量的影响

作  者：
马世龙;杨扬;刁青云;付中民;代平礼
单  位：
福建农林大学蜂学学院;中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所/农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室
关键词：
西方蜜蜂;梅氏热厉螨;寿命;食物消耗;蜜蜂病毒
摘  要：
【目的】梅氏热厉螨Tropilaelapsmercedesae是亚洲地区西方蜜蜂Apismellifera的重要害螨,给我国蜂产业造成巨大损失。该研究主要探究了梅氏热厉螨寄生对西方蜜蜂生存、糖水和花粉取食量及体内病毒变化的影响。【方法】从蜂群中收集被梅氏热厉螨寄生的和未被寄生的新出房蜂,并在室内饲养15 d,统计蜜蜂的存活率。统计蜜蜂每天对糖水和花粉取食量及对总的糖水和花粉取食量。检测7日龄幼虫、新出房蜜蜂和人工饲养15 d的蜜蜂体内BQCV、DWV、VDV-1、ABPV、CBPV、IAPV、SBV和CSBV8种病毒的感染情况。【结果】梅氏热厉螨寄生使蜜蜂对糖水和花粉取食量显著增加,并且寄生显著降低蜜蜂寿命。7日龄蜜蜂幼虫体内均检出DWV;新出房蜂体内均检测到DWV和IAPV;人工饲养15 d的蜜蜂,对照组蜜蜂体内检测到DWV,梅氏热厉螨寄生的蜜蜂体内检测到BQCV、DWV、IAPV和VDV-1病毒。【结论】研究发现,梅氏热厉螨寄生的蜜蜂随着存活时间的增加病毒种类增多。即使梅氏热厉螨寄生未引起某些蜜蜂形态变化,但寄生可能导致体内病毒增加,病毒的复制和免疫反应使蜜蜂能量消耗增多,从而致使蜜蜂寿命缩短。
译  名：
Effects of Tropilaelaps mercedesae on the survival and food consumption of honey bees(Apis mellifera)
作  者：
MA Shi-Long;YANG Yang;DIAO Qing-Yun;FU Zhong-Min;DAI Ping-Li;Bee Academy,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture,Institute of Apicultural Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
关键词：
Apis mellifera;;Tropilaelaps mercedesae;;longevity;;diet consumption;;honey bee virus
摘  要：
[Objectives] Tropilaelaps mercedesae is one of the most devastating pests of the Western honey bee(Apis mellifera) in Asia and causes significant economic losses to the beekeeping industry in China. We evaluated the survival, viral infection status, and sugar syrup and pollen consumption, of honey bees infested by T. mercedesae. [Methods] Newly emerged infected and uninfected workers were collected from brood combs and reared in incubator for 15 d. Worker bee survival was measured using the Kaplan-Meier method. A surplus of syrup and pollen were fed ad libitum each day, and sugar syrup and pollen consumption was calculated daily and over the duration of the experiment. Viruses(BQCV, DWV, VDV-1, ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, SBV, CSBV) were detected in day 7 larvae, in newly emerged bees, and in adults that had been reared for 15 d. [Results] T. mercedesae significantly decreased the survival, and increased the sugar syrup and pollen consumption, of honey bees. We found DWV in day 7 larvae, and DWV and IAPV in newly emerged bees in both experimental groups. DWV was not found in parasitized individuals reared for 15 d, however, BQCV, DWV, IAPV and VDV-1 viruses were found in adults that had been parasitized by T. mercedesae. [Conclusion] The number of virus species in honey bees parasitized by T. mercedesae increased over time compared to the control group. Even if T. mercedesae does not cause morphologic change in some honey bees, it may lead to an increase in the number of viruses. The replication of viruses and the resultant increased immune response of honey bees may increase the energy consumption of the latter, thereby reducing their survival.

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