作 者：
王宪良;王庆杰;李洪文;李问盈;牛琪;陈婉芝
关键词：
免耕;土壤压实;土壤特性;作物根系生长;深松
摘 要：
为研究免耕条件下轮胎压实对土壤物理特性及作物根系的影响,于2013—2016年在河北涿州免耕试验田设置免耕(NT)、免耕深松(STNT)、免耕压实(CNT)和免耕压实深松(CSNT)4种处理,分析4种处理对土壤水稳团聚体、土壤容重、土壤紧实度、作物根系生长的影响。试验结果表明,在3年的试验周期内,CNT处理对大团聚体含量的影响具有累积效应,随着耕作时间的增加,CNT处理各土层土壤大团聚体含量逐渐减小,在深度上CNT处理对大团聚体含量的影响深度逐渐增加,且CNT处理能够显著减小土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD);10~40 cm土层,CNT处理土壤容重明显高于NT、STNT、CSNT处理;0~30 cm土壤紧实度由大到小表现为:CNT、NT、CSNT、STNT,CNT处理平均土壤紧实度分别比NT、CSNT、STNT处理大38.2%、58.9%、59.4%;0~20 cm土层CNT处理玉米平均根系质量百分比分别比NT、STNT、CSNT处理大24.0%、24.9%、19.3%(P<0.05),CNT处理20~40 cm土层平均根系质量百分比仅有11.6%;CNT、NT、STNT、CSNT处理小麦平均最大根长密度分别为0.63、0.83、0.84、0.83 cm/cm3。免耕条件下轮胎压实对土壤物理特性及作物根系生长影响显著,深松技术能够显著缓解压实,未受轮胎压实的免耕区域虽然能够增加土壤容重、紧实度,但影响不显著,短期内不需采取疏松措施。
译 名：
Effect of Tyre Induced Soil Compaction on Soil Properties and Crop Root Growth under No-tillage System
作 者：
WANG Xianliang;WANG Qingjie;LI Hongwen;LI Wenying;NIU Qi;CHEN Wanzhi;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University;
关键词：
no-tillage;;soil compaction;;soil properties;;crop root growth;;subsoiling tillage
摘 要：
In order to investigate the effects of tyre-induced soil compaction on soil properties and crop root system under no-tillage condition in North China,a three-year(2013—2016) field experiment was carried out in Hebei Province.Four treatments,including no-tillage(NT),compaction lane under notillage(CNT),subsoiling tillage under no-tillage(STNT) and subsoiling tillage in compaction lane under no tillage(CSNT),were performed with randomized complete block design,with three replications for each treatment.The effects of different treatment on soil aggregation, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance,maize root dry weight and roots distribution were evaluated.According to the result,there was a cumulative effect on macroaggregates content over time in CNT treatment,the value of this indicator was gradually decreased from 2014 to 2016; in the meantime,it was increased with the increase of soil depth.It was also indicated that soil mean weight diameter(MWD) was significantly reduced under CNT treatment.The soil bulk density for all the four treatments was increased with soil depth from 2014 to 2016,and the soil bulk density throughout the 0 ~ 40 cm soil profile presented a descending order of CNT,NT,CSNT and STNT.The soil bulk density under CNT treatment at 10 ~40 cm depth was significantly increased by 14.2%(P < 0.05),15.7%(P < 0.05) and 17.1%(P <0.05),respectively,compared with those for NT,CSNT and STNT treatments.The soil penetration resistance was one of the key soil properties,the values for this parameter presented a descending order of CNT,NT,CSNT and STNT,with the increase of soil depth.The average soil penetration resistance under CNT treatment was increased by 38.2%(P < 0.05),58.9%(P < 0.05) and 59.4%(P < 0.05),respectively,when compared with NT,CSNT and STNT treatments.The wheat root length density and maize root space distribution in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer in CNT treatment were better than those for NT,STNT and CSNT treatments,in cropping seasons from 2013 to 2016.The mean root content of summer maize under CNT treatment was increased by 24.0%,24.9% and 19.3%(P < 0.05),respectively,compared with NT,STNT and CSNT treatments during a period from 2014 to 2016.There was only11.6% of the average root content at 20 ~ 40 cm soil depth.The maximum mean wheat root density of wheat under CNT,NT,STNT and CSNT treatments was 0.63 cm/cm3,0.83 cm/cm3,0.84 cm/cm3and0.83 cm/cm3,respectively.Finally,it was concluded that the soil under no-tillage was less compacted in spite of the compaction from nature sedimentation and seeding,but the tire-induced compaction had a significant effect on soil properties and crop root growth under no-tillage,the subsoiling tillage could significantly decrease soil compaction.Although the no-tillage area can increase the soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance,the effect was negligible,and there was no need for loosening measures.
