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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 河西农田养分投入产出平衡的长期定位研究 水土保持通报 2008,28 (3) 53-58+76
Position: Home > Articles > Long-term Location Study on the Balance of Nutrient Inputs and Outputs on Farmland of the Hexi Corridor Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation 2008,28 (3) 53-58+76

河西农田养分投入产出平衡的长期定位研究

作  者：
索东让;韩顺斌
单  位：
甘肃省张掖市农业科学研究所
关键词：
肥料投入;作物携带;平衡值;长期定位研究
摘  要：
通过长期定位试验和作物养分含量分析,确定了河西地区小麦、玉米生产上测土配方施肥的可靠养分吸收参数,系统研究了河西灌区农田主要养分投入产出状况。连续24 a研究结果表明,长期连施化肥(NP,NPK)土壤氮素投入产出盈余率前期(1982—1990年)为8.6%~19.1%,最高时期(1997—2005年)的表观盈余率平均为29.0%~48.5%,扣除氮素损失后为负平衡;磷素化肥投产始终为正平衡,平均盈余率为57.4%~68.3%。钾素化肥投入不抵作物携带量,投产为负平衡,平均盈余率为-58.7%。说明连施化肥氮、钾养分投入不足。有机肥与化学肥料长期配合平衡施用(MNP,MNPK),氮素平均盈余率56.3%~61.5%,扣除氮素损失后为正平衡,盈余率平均为9.4%~10.9%;磷素投产为正平衡,平均盈余率高达249.9%~265.7%;钾素投产为负平衡,平均亏缺19.9%。有机肥连施钾素亏缺45.0%。增施化学钾肥,适量减少化学磷肥,保持氮素化肥投入水平,配施有机肥是科学的平衡施肥技术。
译  名：
Long-term Location Study on the Balance of Nutrient Inputs and Outputs on Farmland of the Hexi Corridor
作  者：
SUO Dong-rang,HAN Shun-bin (Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Zhangye City,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China)
关键词：
fertilizer input;uptake of crop;balance value;longterm location study
摘  要：
The status of nutrient inputs and outputs on farmland of the Hexi corridor,Gansu Province was studied conclusively by a 24 year long-term location fertilizer experiment.Results showed that long-term continuous chemical fertilizer application made soil nitrogen(N) input—output change from a negative balance to a positive balance in the first period(1982—1990) and surplus rate was about 8.6%~19.1%.Apparent surplus rate was 29.0%~48.5% during the period with the largest balance value(1997—2005),but soil N input-output was in a negative balance after N loss was deducted.Phosphorus(P) fertilizer input—output was still in a positive balance and surplus rate was 57.4%~68.3%.Potassium(K) fertilizer input quantity was less than uptake quantity of crop,so K input—output was in a negative balance and averaged surplus rate was-58.7%.These indicated that N and K nutrient inputs were not enough by continuous chemical fertilizer application.The long-term combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure could make N and P input—output be in a positive balance and surplus rates of N and P were 56.3%~61.5% and 249.9%~265.7%,respectively.Even though N loss was deducted,N surplus was still 9.4%~10.9%.K input—output was in a negative balance and average deficiency was 19.9%.Under continuous organic manure treatment,K deficiency was 45.0%.Increasing K chemical fertilization,keeping N chemical fertilization level,and combining organic manure application are scientific balanced fertilizer application techniques.

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