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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 硬壳蛤的人工育苗技术 中国水产科学 2002,9 (1) 43-47
Position: Home > Articles > Seeds breeding of hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 2002,9 (1) 43-47

硬壳蛤的人工育苗技术

作  者：
常亚青;宋坚;王国栋;丁君;阎世国;王喜福
单  位：
大连水产学院农业部海洋水产增养殖生态学重点开放实验室;大连水产学院农业部海洋水产增养殖生态学重点?
关键词：
硬壳蛤;人工育苗;水温;盐度;饵料
摘  要：
硬壳蛤 (Mercenariamercenaria)亲贝于 2 0 0 0年由美国引入大连 ,采用阴干和温度变化刺激对其进行人工催产 ,亲贝诱导排放比例可达 80 %。水温 18～ 2 6℃ ,2 0 .5～ 2 4 0h胚胎发育到面盘幼虫 ,孵化率达 94 %。浮游幼虫前期饵料以湛江等鞭金藻 (Iscochrysiszhanjiangensis)为主 ,逐渐添加新月菱形藻 (Nizschiaclosterium) ,后期以新月菱形藻为主。硬壳蛤幼虫温度、盐度的适宜范围分别为 19～ 2 7℃、2 5 .0～ 3 3 .6。饵料以混合投喂效果最佳 ,湛江等鞭金藻次之。浮游幼虫培养 12～ 17d ,幼虫壳长达 2 0 0～ 2 10 μm ,采用在培养池底铺砂做附着基 ,幼虫变态率达 2 1% ,稚贝培养 3 0d后可达 1mm左右
译  名：
Seeds breeding of hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria
作  者：
CHANG Ya qing 1,SONG Jian 1,WANG Guo dong 1,DING Jun 1,YAN Shi guo 1,WANG Xi fu 2 (1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ecology, Dalian Fisheries University, Dalian 116023, China; 2. Dalian Fisheries Bureau, Dalian 116001, China)
关键词：
Mercenaria mercenaria; seeds breeding; water temperature; salinity; diets
摘  要：
The parent hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria were introduced from the east coast of America in 2000, reared indoor ponds until April 2001. Using shade drying method and water temperature changing method to stimulate the parent clams, the spawning rate can get to 80%. At water temperature 18-26 ℃, it takes 20.5-24 h for the embryo to develop into veliger larvae with a hatching rate of 94%. The veliger larvae are fed Isochrysis zhanjiangensis initially and Nitzschia closterium is added gradually. For the larval M. mercenaria, the optimum range of water temperature and salinity are 19-27 ℃ and 25.0-33.6, respectively, and the optimum diet is the mixed one with four species of algaes including Chlorella sp., Platymonas sp., N. closterium and I. zhanjiangensis. And I. zhanjiangensis has the second best effect. The veliger larvae grows to 200-210 μm in shell length within 12-17 d. The attachment substance is sand and the metamorphism rate of the larvae is 21%. The hard clam juveniles grow to 1 mm in shell length after 30 d culture.

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