作 者：
王焕如;朱之堉;汪宜萱;赵兰波;袁景顺;赤国彤
摘 要：
本文指出了用传统的方法研究锈菌生理分化存在问题和用生物间遗传学的观点和方法加以改进. 本研究反复地验证了叶锈菌的同小种的不同菌株的毒性可能不同,也证实了在不同地区的叶锈菌的群体毒性可能不同,因此应根据生物间遗传学的观点,在调查小种和测定品种的抗锈时,要注意锈菌群体毒性的专化性和农业生态系的特殊性. 生物间遗传学用的毒力频率研究法,可以用来研究品种和锈菌群体的相互作用和克服选用没有代表性的菌株来测定品种的抗病性和在个体的基础上来研究寄主和病原物的相互作用的缺点. 本研究发展了生物间遗传学用的毒力频率研究法,在分析毒力频率值的同时,也分析相互作用所表现的侵染型及其百分率.有些品种表现的毒力频率值较高被划为感病品种.但它们表现3-型的百分率也较高,说明有一定程度的抗性. 生物间遗传学用以分析锈菌的联合致病性的方法,本研究也用来分析小麦品种的联合抗病性.可以了解几个品种对叶锈菌群体同时表现抵抗的最佳组合,这有助于计划品种合理布局时作参考. 本研究也试用了生物间遗传学的不通过杂交根据表现型推导寄主和病原物的基因型的方法。可以了解小麦品种的抗性基因和叶锈菌的毒性基因的分布情况,这对杂交育种选择亲本组合和对选择叶锈菌株进行品种抗锈性测定可提供有参考价值的信息.
译 名：
THE APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODS USED IN INTERORGANISMAL GENETICS IN STUDYING LEAFRUST OF WHEAT IN CHINA
作 者：
Wang,H.R.,Z.Y.Zhu,Y.X.Wang,L,B.Zao,J.S.Yuan and G.T.Chi(Department of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei,People's Republic of China)
摘 要：
The authors pointed out that there were problems in using the traditionalmethod in studying the physiologic specialization of rust fungi and appliedthe methods used in interorganismal genetics to improve it. It was repeatedly demonstrated that the virulence of different isolates ofa race might be different.It was also demonstrated that the virulence ofpathogen population in different regions might be different.It was thereforesuggested that attention should be paied to the specificity of the virulence ofpathogen population and the speciality of agroecosystems in making virulencesurvey and in assessment of varietal resistance. The method of analyzing virulence frequency used in interorganismal ge-netics may serve to study the interaction of a cultivar with the population ofpathogen and it may overcome the defects of limitation by using isolates whi-ch are not representative in evaluating varietal resistance and in the way ofstudying host and pathogen interaction on individual basis.This method wasimproved by the authors by analyzing at the same time the infection typesand their percentage of occurrence shown by the interaction.Some cultivarsshowed high value of virulence frequency,but they also showed high percen-tage of type 3~-which indicated that these cultivars might have certain degreeof resistance as compared with those showed type 4. The method of analyzing pathogenicity association used in the interorga-nismal genetics was also applied by authors to analyze the resistance associa-tion in which more than one cultivar appearing to be resistant to pathogenpopulation at the same time.This method has the adventage of studying theinteraction of more than one cultivar with the pathogen population and isuseful in deployment of cultivars. The method of derivation of genotypes both of host and pathogen with-out crossing proved to be useful in determining the genes of resistance orvirulence located in both organisms.It was useful in selecting the combina-tion of parental materials in breeding program and in selecting the culturesof the pathogen in testing varietal resistance.The authors pointed out thismethod had limitation and the information could only be used as reference.
