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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 中国城乡二元结构的生成、发展与消亡的农业伦理学诠释 中国农史 2017 (4) 83-92
Position: Home > Articles > Formation and Development of Urban-rural Dualistic Structure and Interpretation of Agricultural Ethics in China Agricultural History of China 2017 (4) 83-92

中国城乡二元结构的生成、发展与消亡的农业伦理学诠释

作  者：
任继周;方锡良
单  位：
兰州大学哲学社会学院;兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室
关键词：
城乡二元结构;草地农业;耕地农业;伦理系统
摘  要：
城市和乡村之间的区别全世界概莫能外。但城乡二元结构和在此基础上形成的伦理观,则为中华民族所独有。中华族群由游牧社会的草地农业发展为耕地农业之时,城廓也相偕发生。贵族和为贵族服务的人群居城廓,从事耕作的农业劳动者居乡野村落。随着社会的发展,城廓逐步发展为城市,相对于乡村出现日益明显的差别。前者为社会管理、资源占有和分配中枢,后者则拱卫城市安全,生产农耕产品,并为城市提供生存资料,形成中国特色的城乡二元结构,并在城乡两者之间自然衍发与之相适应的伦理系统。在中华民族数千年的发展过程中曾出现过不同的历史阶段和与之相应的伦理观,但城乡二元结构的本质却不曾改变,并使两者的分野日益明显,逐渐固化为城乡二元结构。这一结构雄踞传统农耕社会的文化伦理高地,影响深远。为更好地理解这一独特社会结构及其历史影响,我们有必要探索其生成、发展与消亡进程,明晰其历史功过,为创建新时期的农业伦理观提供参照。
译  名：
Formation and Development of Urban-rural Dualistic Structure and Interpretation of Agricultural Ethics in China
作  者：
REN Ji-zhou;FANG Xi-liang;School of Pastoral and Agricultural Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University;School of Philosophy and Sociology, Lanzhou University;
关键词：
urban-rural dualistic structure;;agro-grassland system;;cropland system;;ethics system
摘  要：
The differences between urban and rural areas have existed all over the world but the fact that urban-rural dualistic structure and the ethics formed based on it was solely belong to China. Cities appeared in China when grassland agriculture of nomadic society transformed into cropland system, while people who engaged in farming dwelled in villages countryside. With the development of society, the quasi urban areas gradually developed into cities and became distinct from the rural areas. The cities were responsible for social management, became a center of resources possession and distribution, while the rural took on the role of safeguarding cities, producing agricultural goods and supplying resources for city dwellers. Thereby the urban-rural dualistic structure with China characteristics was formed and subsequently an ethical system appeared between urban and rural areas in order to couple with the dualistic situation. In thousands of years China went through various historical stages and correspondingly set up ethics which fit to the stages, but the essence of the urban-rural dualistic structure has kept no change, the distinction between the two areas became more obviousand gradually solidified. This structure occupied the top position of cultural ethics of traditional agricultural society with far-reaching influence. In order to understand this unique social structure and its historical impacts, it is necessary to exploreitsemerging,developinganddisappearingprocess,toclarifyitsmerits anddemeritsinthehistoryandtoprovideagoodreferenceforcreatingtheagriculturalethicsinthenewera.

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