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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 濒危野牦牛的分布、种群、致危因素及保育 野生动物学报 2018 (3) 702-708
Position: Home > Articles > Endangered Wild Yak: Distribution,Population,Impacting Factors and Conservation Chinese Journal of Wildlife 2018 (3) 702-708

濒危野牦牛的分布、种群、致危因素及保育

作  者：
郭妍妍;周杨;施奇静;孟秀祥
单  位：
中国人民大学环境学院;山西农业大学动物科技学院;中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院
关键词：
野牦牛;分布;种群;胁迫因素;保育措施
摘  要：
野牦牛是濒危资源性动物,特产于青藏高原及周边地区,主要分布于中国及印控克什米尔等国家和地区,野生种群估计为24000～30000头,中国的青海、西藏和新疆等西部地区是其核心分布区,有野牦牛22000头左右。中国的野牦牛有祁连山型和昆仑山型两个生态类型,两型牦牛从外形、生理、生化等方面均体现出对高寒生活的良好适应。野牦牛的最喜好生境为高寒草甸,其喜好食物主要含禾本科及莎草科植物。过度利用和盗猎、生境变化、同社区的冲突及与家牦牛的食物和生境竞争是导致野牦牛种群下降和濒危的最主要因素。为保护濒危野牦牛种群及生境,在现行的保护措施基础上,应加强相关自然保护区的建设、优化保护政策、协调地区经济发展和野牦牛保护的矛盾、构建野牦牛种质资源库和关于生境、种群动态的数据库。
译  名：
Endangered Wild Yak: Distribution,Population,Impacting Factors and Conservation
作  者：
Guo Yanyan;Zhou Yang;Shi Qijing;Meng Xiuxiang;School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University;College of Life and Environment Sciences,Minzu University of China;
单  位：
Guo Yanyan%Zhou Yang%Shi Qijing%Meng Xiuxiang%School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China%College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University%College of Life and Environment Sciences,Minzu University of China
关键词：
Wild yak;;Distribution;;Population;;Impacting factors;;Conservation measures
摘  要：
Wild yak( Bos grunniens) is valuable resource species classified as globally vulnerable by IUCN. It is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Wild yak mainly occupies China and Indian-controlled Kashmir. The global population of wild yak is estimated at 24000-30000,while the population in the core distribution area( Qinghai,Tibet,Xinjiang and other areas in China) is probably around 22000. There are two ecological types of wild yak in China, the Qilian Mountain Type and the Kunlun Mountain Type. Both are well-adapted to the alpine life with their special appearances,physiology,biochemistry and other adaptations. Wild yak habitat is alpine meadow where species of Poaceae and Cyperaceae are its main food plants. Excessive utilization,habitat deterioration,human-wildlife confliction and resource competition with domestic yaks are the major threats to wild yaks. To conserve the endangered wild yaks and protect their habitats,on the basis of current protecting measures,actions,such as strengthening nature reserve construction,optimizing protection policy, reconciling the contradictions between economic development and wild yak conservation, and building up genetic resource center of wild yaks, databases of population dynamic and habitat,should be undertaken.

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