作 者：
张衡;叶锦玉;张瑛瑛;康伟;彭建新;张建明
单 位：
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院;江苏省海洋渔业指挥部
关键词：
长江口;芦苇;海三棱藨草;浮游植物;季节变化
摘 要：
根据2015年5-12月在长江口东滩盐沼湿地水域采集的浮游植物监测数据,分析了海三棱藨草[Scirpus mariqueter(编号:HS)]、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵早期(编号:HZ)和互花米草入侵后期阶段(编号:HH)、芦苇[Phragmites australis(编号:LW)]等4种植被样地浮游植物群落结构的时空差异。结果表明,共发现浮游植物64种(或属),隶属4个门。硅藻门种类最多,有48种(或属),占总种类数的73.8%;其次为蓝藻门种类,有10种(或属);绿藻门有6种。优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)(Y=0.76)、洛氏菱形藻(Nitzschia lorenziana)(Y=0.03)和近缘斜纹藻(Pleurosigma affine)(Y=0.02)等3种。5-8月盐沼植被区浮游植物的种类数相对较高,而9-12月(秋季至冬初)种类数明显下降。各个植被样地中硅藻的月平均丰度均明显高于其它藻类,而甲藻丰度最低。HS和HZ植被样地中的浮游植物群落的种类数和丰度并无显著性差异(P>0.05),HH和LW样地浮游植物的种类数和丰度同样无显著性差异;前2种生境浮游植物的月平均丰度是后2种生境的3.8倍,这主要是由于硅藻的丰度差异较大造成的。从物种丰富度指数(D)来看,两两生境间物种丰富度指数未发现显著性差异(P>0.05)。Shannon指数(H')变化趋势类似于均匀度指数(J),5-8月和12月H'值相对较高。从群落聚类和排序结果来看,在空间上4种植被样地浮游植物群落难以区分开;而在时间上大致分为2组[即5-8月(春初至夏末)与9-12月(秋季至冬初)]。总体来说,不同植被样地浮游植物群落动态月份差异较大,同一高程植被样地浮游植物群落差异不显著。研究表明,长江口盐沼植被生境浮游植物群落组成与邻近水体有着较大的不同,具有独特的生态功能。
译 名：
Variations in phytoplankton community structure in different salt marshes in the Dongtan wetland of the Yangtze River Estuary
作 者：
ZHANG Heng;YE Jin-yu;ZHANG Ying-ying;KANG Wei;PENG Jian-xin;ZHANG Jian-ming;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary,Ministry of Agriculture,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University;Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Command;
关键词：
Yangtze River Estuary;;Phragmites australis;;Scirpus mariqueter;;phytoplankton;;seasonal changes
摘 要：
Based on data of phytoplankton in the salt mashes waters from May to December in 2015,the study analyzed the monthly variations in phytoplankton community structure in 4 types of salt marshes( HS,Scirpus mariqueter; HZ, early stage of Spartina alterniflora invasion; HH, later stage of Spartina alterniflora invasion; LW,Phragmites australis). The results showed that 64 species( including unidentified genus)belonging to 4 phylum were collected. The number of diatom species was the largest( 48 species,including the unidentified genus),accounting for 73. 8% of the total number of species. The 10 species of Cyanophyta followed by and Chlorophyta( 6 species) was the third. But only 1 species of Pyrrhophyta was collected. The14 species dominated in the phytoplankton community,which were Skeletonema costatum( Y = 0. 76),Nitzschia lorenziana,Pleurosigma affine,et al. From May to August,the number of species of phytoplankton in the salt marshes was higher than that in the periods of September-December. The peak density of phytoplankton was 8. 96 × 104 cell· L-1 in July. In all types of salt marshes,the mean monthly density of diatom species was obviously higher than other species,but the density of Pyrrhophyta species was the lowest.The number of species and density of phytoplankton had no obvious differences between HS and HZ habitats( P > 0. 05),while no significant difference was found between HH and LW habitats( P > 0. 05). The mean monthly density of phytoplankton in the former two habitats was 3. 8 times more than that in the later habitats,because there was very high density of diatoms in the former two habitats( HS and HZ). The Margalef's species richness indexes( D) of four habitats in May-August was obviously higher than that in SeptemberDecember,although there was no significant difference between any two habitats. The mean Pielou's indexes( J) in October and November were obviously lower than that in other months,while J' values in July( in HS and HZ habitats) and September( in HZ and HH) were both lower than 0. 1. The Shannon-Weaver index( H') values showed similar changes with the J index,but the H' values in July for HS and HZ habitats were both lower than 0. 2,because the highest density of Skeletonema costatum was collected in this month. From the results of community clustering and non-Metric Multidimensional scaling plot,it is indicated that it is difficult to distinguish the differences in the phytoplankton community for 4 types of salt marshes and they can almost be divided into two groups in terms of timing( May-August and September-December). As in whole,there were obvious monthly changes in phytoplankton community in structure of salt marshes,but it is found that there is no significant variation in the same elevation.
