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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 豫南稻区机直播单季中籼杂交稻丰产优质品种筛选 河南农业科学 2018,47 (10) 12-20
Position: Home > Articles > Screening for High Quality and Yield of Single Cropping Mid-season Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2018,47 (10) 12-20

豫南稻区机直播单季中籼杂交稻丰产优质品种筛选

作  者：
张静;詹俊辉;任翠;杜彦修;李俊周;孙红正;彭廷;赵全志
单  位：
河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心/河南省水稻生物学重点实验室
关键词：
豫南稻区;中籼杂交稻;品种筛选;机直播;产量;品质
摘  要：
为筛选出适宜豫南稻区机直播方式种植的丰产优质单季中籼杂交稻品种,在大田机械定量穴直播条件下,对41个中籼杂交稻品种的生育期、产量及其构成因素、稻米品质、抗病性、抗倒伏性、干物质积累与转运、冠层温度、冠气温差等进行分析.结果表明,根据主要农艺性状,41个中籼杂交稻可分为5大类群.第Ⅲ类群水稻品种产量、穗粒数均高于其他类群,产量达11 081.28 kg/hm 2,穗粒数达169.72粒.第Ⅳ类群水稻品种生育期显著低于其他类群,其他4个类群间均无显著差异.与其他类群相比,第Ⅲ类群水稻品种整精米率较高,垩白度、垩白粒率均较低,整精米率达49.70%,垩白度为5.40%,垩白粒率为19.98%.除第Ⅰ类群水稻品种感稻瘟病、纹枯病较重外,其他类群中水稻感病品种数占总品种数的比例均低于10.00%,且仅有第Ⅰ类群水稻品种中出现倒伏.抽穗开花期冠层温度主要影响第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种的有效穗数,其中,与第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群呈极显著负相关,与第Ⅴ类群呈极显著正相关;冠气温差则主要影响第Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种的垩白度和垩白粒率,其中,与第Ⅱ、Ⅳ类群呈显著或极显著负相关,与第Ⅴ类群呈极显著正相关.第Ⅲ类群水稻品种收获指数显著高于第Ⅱ、Ⅴ类群水稻品种,与第Ⅰ、Ⅳ类群水稻品种无显著差异.从41份材料中筛选出第Ⅲ类群水稻品种钱优930、广两优5号、Y两优2号、Y两优900、荃早优丝苗、新两优611为适宜豫南稻区机直播种植的丰产优质水稻品种,该类群水稻品种特征为穗粒数多、产量高、整精米率高、垩白度和垩白粒率低、生育期中等、抗病性较好、收获指数高.
译  名：
Screening for High Quality and Yield of Single Cropping Mid-season
关键词：
Rice-growing area of south Henan%Mid-season indica hybrid rice%Cultivars screening%Mechanical direct seeding%Yield%Quality
摘  要：
In order to screen single cropping mid-season indica hybrid rice cultivars which had high quality and yield,and were suitable for mechanical direct seeding in south Henan,41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were used to analyze the difference of the growth duration,grain yield and its components,rice grain quality,disease resistance,lodging resistance,dry matter accumulation and transport,canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference.The results showed that 41 cultivars of mid-season indica rice were divided into 5 clusters according to the main agronomic traits.Compared with other clusters,clusterⅢrice cultivars had higher grain yield and grain number per panicle,the grain yield was 11 081.28 kg/ha,the grain number per panicle was 169.72,respectively;the growth duration of clusterⅣrice cultivars was significantly lower,and there was no significant difference among the other clusters;clusterⅢrice cultivars had higher head rice rate and lower chalkiness and chalky rate,the head rice rate was 49.70%,the chalkiness was 5.40%,and the chalky rate was 19.98%.Except rice blast and rice blight of the clusterⅠrice cultivars were heavier,the proportions of susceptible cultivars to the total cultivars of other clusters were all lower than 10.00%.Only the clusterⅠappeared lodging.The canopy temperature affected effective panicle number of clusterⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴrice cultivars,which was significantly negatively correlated with effective panicle number of clusterⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲrice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with effective panicle number of clusterⅤrice cultivars.The difference of canopy-air temperature mainly affected rice grain chalkiness and chalky rate of clusterⅡ,ⅣandⅤrice cultivars,which was negatively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of clusterⅡandⅣrice cultivars,and significantly positively correlated with chalkiness and chalky rate of clusterⅤrice cultivars.The harvest index of clusterⅢrice cultivars was significantly higher than those of clusterⅡ,

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