单 位：
重庆市合川区蔬菜技术指导站;南方山地园艺学教育部重点实验室;西南大学园艺园林学院
关键词：
宽皮柑橘;果皮精油;GC-MS;主成分分析;聚类分析
摘 要：
【目的】研究宽皮柑橘果皮精油组分及含量的差异性,为宽皮柑橘亲缘关系鉴定提供更多依据。【方法】以相同生境下不同宽皮柑橘原种成熟果实果皮为材料,利用水蒸气蒸馏法进行‘南丰蜜橘’(Citrus reticulata)、温州蜜柑(C.unshiu)、‘新生系3号椪柑’(C.reticulata)、‘莽山野柑’(C.mangshanensis)、蕉柑(C.tankan)和红橘(C.tangerina)果皮精油提取,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析和鉴定其挥发性成分,采用SPSS 19.0对不同物种果皮精油挥发性成分组成规律进行主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】不同宽皮柑橘果皮精油含量存在显著差异,蕉柑最高(1.56%),‘新生系3号椪柑’最低(0.77%)。在6种宽皮柑橘原种果皮精油中共鉴定出55种挥发性成分,其中烯烃类29种、醇类11种、醛类8种、酯类3种、酮类1种、醚类1种、酚类2种。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,6种柑橘品种可分为3类,第1类为温州蜜柑、蕉柑和‘南丰蜜橘’,属于柠檬烯型;第2类为‘新生系3号椪柑’和红橘,属于柠檬烯/γ-萜品烯型;第3类为‘莽山野柑’,为柠檬烯/β-月桂烯型。【结论】从6种宽皮柑橘原种果皮精油挥发性成分组成规律可知,温州蜜柑和‘南丰蜜橘’亲缘关系较近,蕉柑次之,3者聚为一类;‘新生系3号椪柑’和红橘作为古老栽培品种资源亲缘关系较近;‘莽山野柑’作为野生宽皮柑橘资源,单独聚为一类。
译 名：
Identification and analysis of essential oil components of the fruit peels of 6 mandarin orange species by GC-MS
作 者：
FENG Lulu;MAO Yunzhi;RAN Hui;ZHOU Li;LIU Shiyao;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University;Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education;Chongqing Hechuan District Vegetable Technical Guidance Station;
关键词：
Mandarin;;Peel essential oil;;GC-MS;;Principal component analysis(PCA);;Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA)
摘 要：
【Objective】China is the origin of mandarin orange with abundant resources. High frequency of natural variation and hybridization have increased the difficulty of identification and classification of mandarin orange species. The purpose of this study was to detect essential oil components of the fruit peels of 6 mandarin oranges in order to provide some information for citrus taxonomy and utilization of the resolved volatile compounds of citrus peel oil.【Methods】'Nanfeng tangerine'(C. reticulata), Satsuma mandarin(C. unshiu),'No.3 ponkan'(C. reticulata),'Mangshanyegan'(C. mangshanensis), tankan(C. tankan) and red tangerine(C. tangerina) were collected from Citrus Research Institute(CRI). The peel essential oils of the fruit peels were extracted by steam distillation and investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). SPSS 19.0 software was applied to conduct the principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA).【Results】There were significant differences in the contents of essential oils ranging from 0.77% to 1.56%. A total of 55 volatile components were identified in the essential oil of the six species of mandarins, including 29 kinds of hydrocar-bons, 11 alcohols, 8 aldehydes, 3 esters, 1 ketones, 1 ethers and 2 phenols. The volatile components accounted for 99.5% of the essential oils.'Nanfeng tangerine', Satsuma mandarin,'No.3 ponkan'and'Mangshanyegan'had 26 components. Tankan had 13 components and red tangerine owned 33 components. The fruit peel oil constituents of the 6 species were significantly different. D-limonene content varied from 66.91% to 91.51%, Tankan had the highest content(91.51%) of D-limonene, followed by Satsuma mandarin(82.65%). Hydrocarbon compounds were the most abundant compounds in the essential oil constituents of mandarins, and the content of monoterpenoids was much higher than that of sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenes was only not found in tankan. Nine terpene alcohols were identified with linalool(0.1%-3.23%) being the most abundant compound. The content of linalool in'Nanfeng tangerine'was the highest(3.23%), followed by tankan(3.19%). Ketone was only detected in red tangerine. Ethers were only founded in'No.3 ponkan'. 1 R-α-pinene, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, D-limonene,(Z)-β-ocimene, linalool, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol were commonly found in 6 mandarins. The occurrence of β-cubebene in the peel oil could be specific to the fruit peel oil of'Nanfeng tangerine'. Whileβ-pinene, α-caryophyllene, β-cadinene, decanal could be the typical compound of the Satsuma mandarin. The presence of α-bisabolene, citronelly acetate, neryl acetate, 2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-benzene seemed to be limited to the peel oils of'No.3 ponkan'. α-cubebene, β-terpinol, γ-eudesmol, α-methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl] oxirane methanol, cis-α, α, 5-trimethyl-5-ethenyltetrahydro-2-furan-methanol could be specific to'Mangshanyegan'peel oil. Tankan could be distinguished from the other species by the occurrence of 3-carene, 2, 2'-methylene-cis [6-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol] and absence of γ-terpinene. Red tangerine had four specific components, including 8-isopropenyl-1, 5-dimethyl-cyclodeca-1, 5-diene, 1-octanol,(Z)-3-hexen~(-1)-ol and nootkatane. The principal component analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the 6 species of mandarins could be divided into three groups according to three major chemotypes, limonene, limonene/γ-terpinene and limonene/β-myrcene.'No.3 ponkan'and red tangerine contained limonene and γ-terpinene as the main components, belonging to limonene/γ-terpinene chemotype.'Nanfeng tangerine', Satsuma mandarins and tankan were categorized as limonene chemotype with a very high amount of D-limonene.'Mangshanyegan'belonged to limonene/β-myrcene chemotype.【Conclusion】Satsuma mandarins,'Nanfeng tangerine'and tankan were clustered as one group although the genetic relationship between Satsuma mandarins and'Nanfeng tangerine'were closer. The'No.3 ponkan'and red tangerine were clustered together, belonging to ancient cultivated varieties.'Mangshanyegan'formed an individual group as a wild mandarin germplasm.
