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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力的影响 中国畜牧兽医 2020 (5) 1392-1402
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of Breeding Scale on the Productivity of Sows with Different Parity China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2020 (5) 1392-1402

养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力的影响

作  者：
李小茹;李锋;杨宇晴;梁童;单安山;吴德
单  位：
东北农业大学动物营养研究所
关键词：
胎次;养殖规模;母猪;繁殖力
摘  要：
为了比较不同规模猪场不同胎次母猪繁殖力的高低,本研究采集了106家不同规模猪场母猪的详细生产数据。按母猪实际存栏头数将猪场划分为<1 000、1 000～5 000、5 000～10 000和≥10 000头4个规模,分析不同规模猪场母猪1～9胎次活仔率、健仔率、畸形仔率、死胎率、木乃伊率、断奶活仔率及窝均产总仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生个体重、窝均出生窝重等相关繁殖指标的差异。结果表明,在胎次相同的情况下,猪场活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率随着饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐升高的趋势,而畸形仔率、死胎率和木乃伊率则呈相反趋势。母猪实际存栏头数≥10 000头的猪场1～7胎次(第4胎除外)的活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率均显著高于<1 000头猪场(P<0.05),而与其他两个规模猪场差异不显著(P>0.05)。母猪存栏数<1 000头的猪场1、2、3、5、7胎次的死胎率显著高于其他3个规模猪场(P<0.05)。各个胎次的窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产健仔数、畸形仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、出生窝重都随着猪场饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势。<1 000头的猪场第2、3胎的母猪窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生窝重均显著高于其他3个规模猪场(P<0.05)。综上,养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力均产生较大影响,中大规模猪场(≥1 000头)的母猪繁殖力整体上低于小规模猪场(<1 000头),但仔猪的体况和成活率要优于小规模猪场。
译  名：
Effect of Breeding Scale on the Productivity of Sows with Different Parity
作  者：
LI Xiaoru;LI Feng;YANG Yuqing;LIANG Tong;SHAN Anshan;WU De;Institute of Animal Nutrition,Northeast Agricultural University;Institute of Animal Nutrition,Sichuan Agricultural University;
关键词：
parity;;breeding scale;;sows;;reproductive performance
摘  要：
The aim of this study was to compare reproductive performance of sows under different parity in different-scale pig farms.The detailed production data for sows from 106 pig farms with different scale were collected.According to the actual number of sow stocks,the farms were divided into four scales:<1 000,1 000-5 000,5 000-10 000 and ≥10 000 heads.The differences of reproductive indexes related to 1-9 births in different scale sow farms were investigated,such as live birth rate,healthy piglet rate,deformed piglet rate,stillbirth rate,mummification rate,weaned piglet rate,the average litter number of total,live,healthy,dead and weaned of piglets,average birth weight and average litter weight.The results showed that the rates of live,healthy and weaned piglets under the same parity increased gradually with the increase of the feeding scale,while the rates of deformed piglet,stillbirth piglet and mummy showed opposite trends.From the 1 st litter to the 7 th litter except for the 4 th,the rates of live,healthy and weaned piglets in the farms with ≥10 000 heads scale were significantly higher than those in the farms with <1 000 heads scale(P<0.05),but were not significantly different from other two scales(P>0.05).The stillbirth rate of the 1 st,2 nd,3 rd,5 th and 7 th litters in the sow farms with <10 000 heads scale was significantly higher than that of other three scale farms(P<0.05).The number of total,livehealthy,deformed,stillbirth and mummy piglets and average litter weight at birth decreased gradually with the expansion of the breeding scale of the farms.The average number of total,live,healthy,stillbirth and weaned,and average litter weight of the 2 nd and 3 rd litters in the sow farms with <1 000 heads scale were significantly higher than those in the other three scale farms(P<0.05).In conclusion,the breeding scale had a greater impact on the productivity of sows under different parity.The sow fertility in the medium-and large-scale sow farms(≥1 000 heads) was lower than that in small-scale sow farms(<1 000 heads),but the body condition and survival rate of piglets in these farms were better than those in small-scale sow farms.

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