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中国草原生态保护补助奖励政策研究综述

作  者:
杨春;朱增勇;孙小舒
单  位:
中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;中国农业科学院农业信息研究所;山西农业大学经济与管理学院
关键词:
草原生态保护补助奖励政策;补奖对象;补奖标准;实施成效;综述
摘  要:
草原生态保护补助奖励政策的实施将对中国草原生态保护、牧业生产、牧民生活产生深远影响,同时也是政府部门制定政策关注的热点.本文从补奖对象与标准、落实情况及问题、实施成效等方面对政策研究进展进行了梳理.研究结果显示,各地积极落实草原生态保护补奖政策,补奖标准的测算方法在地区间差异明显,牧民对政策的满意度相对较好,牧民参与政策意愿主要受政策实施对生活水平影响、对草原保护的认知、牧业收入占比等因素影响.政策的实施,有利于天然草原生态恢复,促进了牧业生产转型;多数研究认为,牧民政策转移性收入和占比均增加,也有研究认为,禁牧区牧户收入下降.最后,展望了未来研究方向,建议分区研究禁牧区、草畜平衡区的实施情况;剥离其他因素的纯政策效应研究有待完善;牧业生产方式转型、牧业总体生产效率等牧业生产效应及牧民就业、消费行为变化等研究有待深入;补奖标准测算、草原监管机制、政策绩效考核评价等需要加强;需要开展融合乡村振兴、牧区扶贫的政策合力研究.
作  者:
YANG Chun;ZHU Zengyong;SUN Xiaoshu;
摘  要:
The grassland ecological protection and complement policy has profound influences on the grassland ecological protection,animal husbandry production and herdsman's life,and it is also the hot spot of government policy formulation.This paper summarizes the research progress of the grassland ecological protection and complement policy in China from the aspects of award object,award standard,implementation situation and existing problems,as well as implementation effect and other aspects.The research results show that local governments have actively implemented the policy.There are obvious regional differences in the measurement methods of supplementary award standard.Herdsmen are relatively satisfied with the policy.The willingness of herdsmen to participate in the policy is mainly influenced by factors such as the impact of policy implementation on living standards,the cognition of grassland protection and the proportion of animal husbandry income.After the implementation of the policy,it is conducive to the ecological recovery of natural grassland and the transformation of animal husbandry production.Most studies think that the policy increases both the transferable income and the proportion of herdsmen.There are also studies which suggest that the income of pastoral households in pastoral areas has declined.Finally,the paper details the future research direction of grassland ecological protection subsidy policy.

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