作 者：
程伟东;杜青;张刘其;谭贤杰;李石初;吴崇藜;周锦国;李桂珍;磨康
单 位：
广西农业科学院玉米研究所;马来西亚天源农业有限公司
关键词：
玉米;杂交新组合;地理气候条件;产量性状;果穗性状;影响
摘 要：
【目的】分析玉米杂交新组合在广西南宁市和马来西亚民都鲁市的种植表现,探讨其对不同环境气候的适应性及稳定性,为选育丰产稳产、适应性广的杂交新品种及种质改良提供参考。【方法】2013年分别在广西南宁市和马来西亚民都鲁市对15个玉米杂交新组合进行试种,以马来西亚品种NK7328为对照,分别调查不同组合生育期、植株性状、果穗性状、籽粒产量及其相关性状等,并进行稳定性和适应性分析。【结果】方差分析结果表明,百粒重、单穗重和穗行数3个性状稳定性较好,而实际产量、生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、行粒数、秃尖长等性状稳定性较差,易受环境变化的影响。所有参试组合在南宁和民都鲁试点的产量分别为6209.27~10847.01和5041.01~7990.97 kg/ha;除NP6外,参试15个组合在南宁试点的产量比民都鲁试点增加253.00~5147.00 kg/ha,但部分组合的单穗重和百粒重与产量表现不一致;在南宁试点以NP11的产量、单穗重和百粒重最高。在民都鲁试点,NP6的产量、单穗重和百粒重整体表现较高,其次为KJ1226。在南宁和民都鲁试点,参试组合的生育期分别为110.67~120.33和85.67~90.33 d,在南宁试点的生育期比民都鲁试点增加24.33~31.33 d。综合来看,在两试点株高和穗位高均表现较好的玉米杂交组合为12上HP02、NP2、NP6、S126和KJ1226,表现较差的组合为S12A226。S126、12上HP02、NP41、GD1219、NP2在两个试点的丰产性、稳产性和适应性优于其他组合,NP11、NP5在南宁具有较好的丰产性和稳定性,而GA1366在民都鲁丰产性和适应性较好。【结论】S126和12上HP02的丰产性、稳产性和适应性均优于其他组合;杂交组合的遗传特性(基因型)是决定其产量及相关性状是否受环境气候变化影响的主要因素。
译 名：
Effects of different geographic and climate conditions on yield and its related traits of new maize hybrid crosses
作 者：
CHENG Wei-dong;DU Qing;ZHANG Liu-qi;TAN Xian-jie;LI Shi-chu;WU Chong-li;ZHOU Jin-guo;LI Gui-zhen;MO Kang;Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Thianyuan Agriculture Co.Ltd.;
关键词：
maize;;geography and climate conditions;;new hybrid crosses;;yield traits;;ear traits;;effect
摘 要：
【Objective】 The performance of new maize hybrid crosses planted in Nanning city of China and Bintulu city of Malaysia were preliminarily analyzed to evaluate their adaptability and stability to different environments and climates, in order to provide references for improvement of maize germplasm and breeding maize hybrid varieties with high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. 【Method】The introduced test for 15 new maize hybrid crosses were employed in Nanning city of Guangxi and Bintulu city in 2013, the landrace variety NK7328 of Bintulu was used as the control. The duration, plant trait, ear trait, grain yield and its related traits of different hybrid crosses were investigated and analyzed,as well as their stability and adaptability. 【 Result 】 The results of variance analysis for 11 traits showed that, 100-grain weight, ear weight and rows per ear had better stability to different environment and climate, while actual yield,duration, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear width, grains per row, bald tip length showed worse stability and were easily affected by the change of environment and climate. The grain yields of all tested crosses in two tested sites were found to be 6209.27-10847.01 and 5041.01-7990.97 kg/ha, respectively. Excepting for cross NP6, the yields of 15 crosses tested in Nanning city were 253.00-5147.00 kg/ha higher than that of Bintulu city, but the same results were not found in their ear weight and 100-grain weight. The cross NP11 planted in Nanning city was found to has the highest yield, ear weight and 100-grain weight; cross NP6 was found to has relative higher yield, ear weight and 100-grain weight in Bintulucity, followed by KJ1226. All the tested maize crosses presented 110.67-120.33 and 85.67-90.33 days of duration in Nanning and Bintulu, respectively; and their duration in Nanning city was 24.33-31.33 days higher than Bintulu. On the whole, the higher plant height and ear height of maize in both tested sites were found in crosses viz., 12-Shang-HP02,NP2, NP6, S126 and KJ1226, and the lower of them was found in S12A226. The crosses viz., S126, 12-Shang-HP02,NP41, GD1219 and NP2 showed better yield fertility, stability and adaptability than other crosses; NP11 and NP5 showed better fertility and stability in Nanning city, while GA1366 showed better fertility and adaptability in Bindulu. 【Conclusion】S126 and 12-Shang-HP02 are of better yield fertility, stability and adaptability in all tested maize hybrid crosses;the hereditary characteristics(genotype) of maize hybrid crosses is the major factors on deciding whether its yield and related traits affecting by the changes of environment and climate or not.
