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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 基于PenPan模型中国蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化及成因分析 节水灌溉 2019 (7) 87-94,100
Position: Home > Articles > 基于PenPan模型中国蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化及成因分析 Water Saving Irrigation 2019 (7) 87-94,100

基于PenPan模型中国蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化及成因分析

作  者：
朱晓华;徐芳;姬祥祥;毛鑫;周翔;冯浩;何建强
单  位：
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室
关键词：
气象要素;蒸发皿蒸发量;PenPan模型;时空变化;成因分析
摘  要：
蒸发皿蒸发量是衡量大气蒸发能力的重要指标.为了研究中国地区蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化规律和成因,利用全国751个站点1961-2017年的逐日气象观测资料(平均温度、风速、相对湿度、日照时数),基于PenPan模型对20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量进行估算.对中国地区57 a的气象数据和PenPan模型模拟结果进行趋势分析,探究影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主导气象因素.结果发现:在1961-1993年期间,中国地区存在"蒸发悖论"现象,影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主导气象因素为风速; 1994-2017年"蒸发悖论"现象消失,此时主导因素为饱和水汽压差;两阶段相比,空气温度对蒸发的作用增大,而风速的作用减小.春夏秋冬4个季节,蒸发量在空间上差异较大.辐射项蒸发量的夏季最大值在西北地区,其余季节在华南地区;动力项蒸发量冬季最大值在华南地区,其余季节在西北地区;随着季节推移,总蒸发量最大区域由西北转移到华南地区.根据蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化情况,可以得出西北和华南地区需要根据该地区蒸发量的季节变化合理调配水资源.
作  者：
ZHU Xiao-hua;XU Fang;JI Xiang-xiang;MAO Xin;ZHOU Xiang;FENG Hao;HE Jian-qiang;Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Area of China,Northwest A&F University;Institute of Water and Soil Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources;
关键词：
meteorological elements;;E_(pan);;PenPan model;;spatiotemporal variation;;analysis of the attribution
摘  要：
Pan evaporation (E_(pan)) is an important indicator to measure the atmospheric evaporation demand. Studying the pan evaporation in China is beneficial to explore its hydrological cycle and provide guidance for the rational distribution of water resources. This study used daily weather observation data (average temperature,wind speed,relative humidity,and sunshine hours) of 751 stations nationwide from 1961 to 2017 to estimate the evaporation of 20 cm pan evaporation based on the PenPan model. This paper analyzed the trend of 57 years of meteorological data and PenPan model calculations in China to explore the dominant factors affecting E_(pan). The results showed that: during the period from 1961 to 1993,there was a phenomenon of "evaporation paradox"in China,and the dominant factor affecting E_(pan) was wind speed; the phenomenon of"evaporation paradox"disappeared in 1994-2017,and the dominant factor was saturated water vapor pressure.Comparing the two stages,the effect of air temperature on evaporation increased while that of wind speed decreased. In the different seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter,the amount of evaporation varied greatly in space. The summer maximum of radiation component was in northwest China,and the rest of the season was in south China. The maximum value of areodynamic component in winter was in southern China and the rest seasons were in northwest China. As the season went on,the region with the largest total evaporation had shifted from northwest to southern China. The summer maximum of radiation evaporation was in northwestern China and the rest of the season was in southern China. According to the total evaporation,it can be concluded that the northwest region and the southern China need to reasonably allocate water resources according to the seasonal variation of evaporation in the region.

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