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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 施氮提高直播冬油菜主序不同部位角果生产力 中国油料作物学报 2016,38 (3) 355-361
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of nitrogen fertilization on seed productivity at different parts of main inflorescence for direct-seeding rapeseed Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 2016,38 (3) 355-361

施氮提高直播冬油菜主序不同部位角果生产力

作  者：
明日;鲁剑巍;任涛;李小坤;丛日环;邱晨
单  位：
华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室
关键词：
施氮;直播冬油菜;主序;生产潜力;籽粒充实
摘  要：
直播(密植)油菜主序籽粒对全田产量贡献率大。为充分发挥主序增产潜力,通过对大田直播油菜(甘蓝型油菜品种华油杂9号)进行施氮处理,将主序角果按形成时期(终花期、盛花期和始花期)分为上部、中部和下部角果,从产量构成因子、库源关系以及籽粒充实过程三个方面分析施氮对油菜主序不同部位的增产效果。结果表明,施氮可显著提升主序各部位的籽粒产量,与不施氮处理相比,施氮处理油菜主序上部、中部和下部角果籽粒的产量分别增加了73.3%、138.3%和108.6%。角果数的增多是增产的主要原因,主序各部位角果数分别增加了53.4%、37.9%和25.2%,同时氮肥施用提高了中部角果的千粒重和上部角果的每角粒数。氮肥的投入增大了上部和下部角果皮的干物质重和粒壳比,促进了角果皮干物质向籽粒的转移。与不施氮处理相比,籽粒干物质和氮素积累的持续时间和速率明显提高。籽粒干物质充实的持续时间是决定油菜角果数和每角粒数重要因素,而籽粒的千粒重则和干物质积累速率密切相关。因此可通过氮肥施用改善油菜后期各部位的源库关系,促进籽粒的充实进程,进而增加油菜的籽粒产量。
译  名：
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on seed productivity at different parts of main inflorescence for direct-seeding rapeseed
作  者：
MING Ri;LU Jian-wei;REN Tao;LI Xiao-kun;CONG Ri-huan;QIU Chen;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation ( Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) ,Ministry of Agriculture;
关键词：
Nitrogen application;;Direct-seeding rapeseed;;Main inflorescence;;Yield potential;;Grain plumpness
摘  要：
Rapeseed yield from main inflorescence under direct- seeding( high density) pattern makes great contribution to all plant yield. To promote main inflorescence yield,field experiment was conducted to research nitrogen( N) application effects,source- sink relationship and grain- filling process. The main infloresence of Brassica napus cv Huayouza 9 was devided into 3 parts( up,middle and bottom) according to 3 flowering periods( final flowering,nourishing flowering and early blooming). Results showed that N application improved seed yield significantly in these 3 parts. The corresponding increases were 73. 3%,138. 3% and 108. 6% respectively. Yield improvement was mainly resulted from more siliques in all 3 parts( 53. 4%,37. 9% and 25. 2% more siliques respectiviely). 1 000- seed weight of middle part was improved,and seeds per silique on upper part was increased.On up and bottom parts,N treatment resulted in higher dry matters of silique shell and larger seed- to- shell ratio,which indicated that N accelerated material and energy transport from silique wall to seeds. N application also resulted in longer periods and more rapid dry matters and N accumulation in seeds. Duration of grain- fulling was important to silique numbers and seeds per silique. 1 000- seed weight was closely related to dry matter accumulation rate. Therefore,under direct- seeding high density pattern,N fertilization could improve source- sink relationship,accelerate grain- filling process,and further increase rapeseed yield.

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