作 者：
余忠浩;周伟;李志刚;孙成成;李资文;罗巍;杨志强;周亚星
关键词：
内蒙古;大豆品种;农艺性状;品质性状;种质资源
摘 要：
为了解内蒙古自治区种质资源的利用和农艺性状演变情况,本研究对2002—2021年内蒙古自治区审定通过的109份大豆品种的骨干亲本品种来源、农艺性状及品质性状进行分析。结果表明:内蒙古自治区主要通过杂交育种、复交育种与系统育种进行大豆品种选育。选育机构主要来源于3个方向,分别是科研院所、企业公司以及两者合作育成(院企合作),大豆育种主要集中在内蒙古自治区东部四盟,其中呼伦贝尔农业科学研究院和莫旗登科种业育成品种数量占比较大。骨干亲本蒙豆9号、黑河18和黑河38的祖先亲本均为黑龙江省地方品种白眉。株高和生育期均表现为缓慢增加,以早熟和极早熟品种居多;98.2%为亚有限结荚习性和无限结荚习性;以披针形叶为主。产量逐年提高,从2002年的2 155.05 kg·hm~(-2)上升到2021年的2 651.4 kg·hm~(-2),平均增产率达23%;百粒重先下降后增长,整体呈增长趋势。蛋白质含量逐年上升,而脂肪含量逐年下降。育成高抗大豆花叶病毒品种3个,中抗品种和中感品种居多,感病品种数量整体呈下降趋势。各主要性状相关分析表明,产量与百粒重呈负相关,蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈负相关,生育期与株高和百粒重呈正相关。研究结果说明近年来内蒙古自治区育成大豆品种产量逐步升高,品质性状提升较为缓慢,今后需加强本地种质资源利用,加快品质育种进程,以保障当地粮食和种质资源安全。
译 名：
Evolution Analysis of Main Traits of Soybean Varieties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2002 to 2021
作 者：
YU Zhong-hao;ZHOU Wei;LI Zhi-gang;SUN Cheng-cheng;LI Zi-wen;LUO Wei;YANG Zhi-qiang;ZHOU Ya-xing;Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University;
关键词：
Inner Mongolia;;soybean varieties;;agronomic traits;;quality traits;;germplasm resources
摘 要：
In order to understand the utilization of germplasm resources and the evolution of agronomic characters in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we analyzed the backbone parents origin, agronomic and quality characters of 109 soybean varieties approved by Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2021. The results showed that soybean breeding in Inner Mongolia was mainly concentrated in the four eastern cities of Inner Mongolia, and the number of varieties bred by Hulunbuir Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Moqi Dengke seed industry accounted for the relatively large proportion. However, the ancestral parents of the backbone parents in breeding were all from the local variety Baimei in Heilongjiang Province. The plant height and growth period of soybean increased slowly, most of them were early-maturing and very early-maturing. The pod setting habits were mainly sub limited pod setting habits and unlimited pod setting habits, which account for 98.2% of all varieties. The leaf shape of soybean varieties was mostly lanceolate. The yield increased year by year, from 2 155.05 kg·ha~(-1) in 2002 to 2 651.4 kg·ha~(-1) in 2021, with an average increase of 23%. The 100-seed weight decreased firstly and then increased, and showed an increasing trend. The protein content increased year by year, but the fat content decreased year by year. There were three varieties with high resistance to soybean mosaic virus, and most were medium resistant and medium susceptible varieties. Correlation analysis of main characters showed that yield was negatively correlated with 100-seed weight, protein content was negatively correlated with fat content, and the growth period was positively correlated with plant height and 100-seed weight. The results showed that the yield of soybean varieties bred by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had gradually increased in recent years, and the improvement of quality characters was relatively slow. It is necessary to strengthen the utilization of local germplasm resources and speed up the process of quality breeding, in order to ensure the security of the local food and the germplasm resources.
