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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 菜州湾鱼类群落的营养结构及其变化 渔业科学进展 2013,34 (2) 1-9
Position: Home > Articles > Feeding ecology of fish assemblages and its variations in the Laizhou Bay Progress in Fishery Sciences 2013,34 (2) 1-9

菜州湾鱼类群落的营养结构及其变化

作  者：
张波;吴强;金显仕
单  位：
农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室
关键词：
莱州湾;鱼类群落;食性类型;增殖放流
摘  要：
2011年5月~2012年4月期间对莱州湾进行了9次底拖网调查,对采集的20种鱼类4854个胃含物样品进行了分析.结果表明,莱州湾鱼类群落包括浮游动物食性、底栖动物食性、鱼食性、杂食性和广食性5种食性类型,其中底栖动物食性鱼类是莱州湾各月份鱼类群落的重要食性类型,钩虾和双壳类等底栖动物饵料在莱州湾生态系统的食物关系中起着关键的作用.秋末和初春的莱州湾鱼类群落以底栖动物食性鱼类为主,食性类型单一;随着水温升高,鱼类群落的食性类型逐渐变得丰富.分析表明,莱州湾海域鱼类群落的营养结构有利于增殖放流品种后期的生长存活,建议跟踪调查增殖放流点周边海域的食物关系和饵料基础,同时结合多学科调查,选择最佳的增殖放流地点和时间,才能切实有效地保证增殖放流的效果.
译  名：
Feeding ecology of fish assemblages and its variations in the Laizhou Bay
关键词：
Fish assemblages%Feeding habit%Enhancement and release%Laizhou Bay
摘  要：
Based on the samples collected during nine bottom trawl surveys in Laizhou Bay conducted from May 2011 to April 2012, 20 fish species and 4 854 stomach samples were analyzed. Five kinds of feeding habits were found among the fish assemblages in the Laizhou Bay, including zooplankivores, benthivores, piscivores, omnivores and generalist predators. Benthivory is an important feeding habit in fish assemblage in each month, and the benthic prey such as gammarid amphipods and bivalvia, was the primary prey in the food relationship of Laizhou Bay. The composition of feeding type in fish assemblage of late autumn and early spring was simple, and benthivores were the major component, then as water temperature increased, the composition became complicated. The results showed that the food structure of fish assem- blage in Laizhou Bay favored growth and survival of the released species. In order to ensure the effect of enhancement and release, it is suggested that the food relationship and prey condition in the waters around the released place should be track-surveyed, and the suitable place and time for release should be selected.

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