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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长期不同施肥制度对玉米产量和品质的影响 中国农业科学 2004,37 (5) 711-716
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Long-term Fertilization Systems on Yield and Quality of Maize Scientia Agricultura Sinica 2004,37 (5) 711-716

长期不同施肥制度对玉米产量和品质的影响

作  者：
刘恩科;赵秉强;胡昌浩;李秀英;张夫道
单  位：
中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;山东农业大学农学院
关键词：
长期肥料试验;施肥制度;土壤养分;玉米;产量;品质
摘  要：
以1990年建立的国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(北京昌平站)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,于2002年进行了长期不同施肥制度对玉米产量和品质影响的研究。结果表明,长期不同施肥制度对土壤养分影响大小次序为速效磷>全磷>全氮>碱解氮>速效钾>有机质,NPKM处理的土壤养分增加量大于其它处理;各处理对玉米产量的影响为:NPKM>NPK>NP>PK>NK>N>CK;长期施NPKM和NPK肥提高了玉米籽粒中蛋白质、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸的含量,同时还提高了籽粒中的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量;长期施N、NK肥,籽粒中淀粉和粗脂肪的含量降低,虽然提高了蛋白质含量,但因产量低,其单位面积蛋白质产量也较低;长期施PK肥,降低了籽粒中蛋白质、氨基酸、淀粉和可溶性糖的含量,同时降低了籽粒醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和赖氨酸的含量。
译  名：
Effects of Long-term Fertilization Systems on Yield and Quality of Maize
作  者：
LIU En-ke1,ZHAO Bing-qiang2,HU Chang-hao1,LI Xiu-ying2,ZHANG Fu-dao2(1College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018;2 Soils and Fertilizers Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)
关键词：
Long-term fertilizer experiments;Fertilization systems;Soil fertility;Maize (Zea mays L.);Grain yield; Quality
摘  要：
Fixed-site long-term fertilization experiments were carried out in 2002 in “Beijing Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertilityand Fertilizer Efficiency Long Term Monitoring Base (BFSFFELTMB, founded in 1990) to study the effects of differentlong-term fertilization systems on grain yield and quality of maize. The results showed that ⑴ The influences of differentlong-term fertilization systems on soil nutrition were Olsen P>Total P> Total N>Avail N> Avail K>OM. Increment of soilnutrients of NPKM treatment was the highest among all the fertilizer treatments. ⑵The yield of different fertilizer treatmentswere NPKM> NPK> NP> PK> NK> N> CK. ⑶The contents of protein, amino acids, essential amino acids, crude oil andashes of the grains in NPKM and NPK treatments were higher than other treatments. ⑷ In N and NK treatments, the proteincontent of the grains was high, however , the yields of protein were low due to their low grain yields; the contents of starchand crude oil of grains were low too. ⑸ In the case of long term absence of N fertilizer, namely the PK treatment, the contentsof protein, amino acid, total starch, soluble sugar, alcohol soluble protein, glutelin, Lys in the grain decreased.

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