单 位：
山西省农业科学院农业资源与经济研究所中国地质大学土地科学技术学院国土资源部土地整治重点实验室;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所农业部植物营养学重点开放实验室;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所中国地质大学土地科学技术学院
关键词：
硝化抑制剂;脲酶抑制剂;负压灌溉;产量;氮肥利用率;硝酸盐
摘 要：
【目的】研究水肥一体化方式下减氮施肥并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜生长及土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量的影响,旨在筛选出配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂施用的最适减氮量,为减少氮素损失、提高蔬菜生产中氮素利用率和降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,利用负压灌溉水肥一体化系统[(–5±1)k Pa],设不施氮肥(T1)、尿素150 kg/hm~2(T2)、尿素150 kg/hm~2+10%DCD(双氰胺)+1%HQ(氢醌)(T3)、尿素127.5kg/hm~2+10%DCD+1%HQ(T4)、尿素105 kg/hm~2+10%DCD+1%HQ(T5)共5个处理。监测了油菜生长期间供水量、土壤含水量、油菜生长指标及土壤硝态氮与铵态氮含量的变化,分析调查了收获后油菜的产量、品质指标和养分含量。【结果】在油菜生长期间,负压灌溉各处理的总出水量非常接近(12174~13869 m L)。当施肥量相同时,与不添加抑制剂处理(T2)相比,施用硝化和脲酶抑制剂(T3)能够有效抑制土壤中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,提高叶长、叶宽和叶绿素含量,显著提高油菜产量25.2%,提高氮肥利用率85.2%,硝酸盐含量显著降低51.9%。与不添加抑制剂处理(T2)相比,减氮15%~30%同时添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜产量、品质、养分吸收也均有不同程度的促进效果,并能够抑制硝化作用,减少土壤中硝态氮累积,减氮30%并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂的处理(T5)能将油菜产量提高15.9%,氮、磷、钾含量分别提高8.4%、21.5%和27.8%,氮肥利用率提高1.26倍,油菜体内硝酸盐含量降低66.6%。【结论】适当减氮并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜产量和养分吸收均有明显的促进效果,而且能减少油菜硝酸盐含量和土壤中硝态氮累积。在本试验负压水肥一体化条件下,减氮30%并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂,即尿素105 kg/hm~2+10%DCD+1%HQ不仅效果最佳,还降低了因氮肥投入高而造成硝酸盐累积的风险。
译 名：
Reducing nitrogen input and improving yield and quality of rape through combination of fertigation and nitrification/urease inhibitor addition
作 者：
SONG Yan-yan;ZHAO Xiu-juan;ZHANG Shu-xiang;BAI Zhong-ke;LONG Huai-yu;YUE Ji-sheng;ZHAO Lai-ming;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;School of Land Science Technology, China University of Geosciences;Key Lab of Land Consolidation,Ministry of Land and Resources;Xinjiang Huier Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.;
关键词：
nitrification inhibitor;;urease inhibitor;;negative pressure irrigation;;yield;;nitrogen use efficiency;;nitrate
摘 要：
【Objectives】The paper was aimed at the selection of the optimum reduction of nitrogen with nitrification and urease inhibitors application, to provide theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen losses, improving nitrogen use efficiencies and reducing nitrate contents in vegetables with fertigation management. 【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out using negative pressure irrigation [(–5 ± 1) k Pa] method. Five treatments were set up as: no N(T1), urea 150 kg/hm~2(T2), urea 150 kg/hm~2 + 10%DCD(dicyandiamide) + 1%HQ(hydroquinone)(T3), urea 127.5 kg/hm~2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ(T4), and urea 105 kg/hm~2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ(T5). Water supply amounts, soil moisture contents, rape growth indicators, soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents during the period of rape growth were analyzed, and the yield, quality, nutrient content of rape after the harvest were determined. The optimum formula was acquired through comprehensive analysis.【Results】During the rape growth, the total water yield amounts were very close among the treatments(12174–13869 m L). In the condition of the same fertilizing amount, compared with the no inhibitor added treatment(T2), T3 could effectively inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the soil,increase the leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll contents, promote rape plants to absorb nutrients,significantly increase the rape yield by 25.2% and nitrogen use efficiency significantly by 85.2%, and at the same time significantly reduce the nitrate content by 51.9%. Compared with the no inhibitor added treatment(T2), decreasing 15%–30% of nitrogen input rate and adding nitrification and urease inhibitors also had similar effect on rape yield, quality and nutrient absorption, and could restrain the nitrofication process and reduce nitrate accumulation in the soil. Among them, the treatment T5 improved rape yield by 15.9%, increased total N, P and K contents by 8.4%, 21.5% and 27.8%, which led to 1.26 times of increase in the nitrogen use efficiency, and 66.6% of reduce in the nitrate content in rape. 【Conclusions】Under the condition of negative pressure irrigation, moderate reduction of nitrogen with addition of nitrification and urease inhibitors have obvious promoting effect on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rape, and reducing effect on the nitrate content of rape and soil nitrate accumulation. Under the experimental condition, urea 105 kg/hm~2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ, reducing30% of nitrogen with addition of 10%DCD and 1%HQ shows the best effect, reducing the risks of nitrate accumulation caused by high nitrogen input at the same time.
