关键词：
食用菌栽培;农作物秸秆;秸秆利用;平菇栽培;金针菇栽培
摘 要：
从培养基培养、栽培种类等角度综述油菜秸秆栽培食用菌研究概况。我国利用油菜秸秆栽培食用菌研究主要集中在平菇、金针菇、蟹味菇、草菇和香菇,共5种食用菌,并主要集中于报道培养基配方的研发。列举文献报道的以油菜秸秆为主料的平菇栽培料配方29个,金针菇栽培料配方13个,其它食用菌栽培料配方6个,并对其生物转化率及栽培效果进行小结和讨论。虽然油菜秸秆为主料的栽培料配方栽培平菇和金针菇通常比以棉籽壳为主料的配方生物转化率更低,但是前者不仅菌丝生长良好、快速,而且其出菇率和产量均较理想,并且由于原材料价格便宜、生产周期相对更短,其投产比更高,经济效益较好。现有研究充分证明油菜秸秆在栽培食用菌方面具有巨大潜力,今后油菜秸秆栽培食用菌研究应该将重点放在以下方面:1)增加食用菌试验品种;2)培育适合油菜秸秆栽培料的新品种;3)研发高产栽培料配方及适合规模化生产的高效栽培模式。
译 名：
Studies on Edible Fungi Cultivation Based on Oilseed Rape Straw
作 者：
SONG Hai-yan;HU Dian-ming;College of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University;
关键词：
Edible fungi cultivation;;crop straw;;straw utilization;;Pleurotus spp.Cultivation;;Flammulina velutipes cultivation
摘 要：
Edible fungi cultivation is a sufficient way to reuse the massive oilseed rape straw without any environment pollution. In this paper, the literatures reported on edible fungi cultivation using the substrate of oilseed rape straw in China were briefly reviewed mainly on the aspects of medium formulations and fungal species. According to our statistic, the literatures that reported on edible fungi cultivation using oilseed rape straw reported in China were manly focused on the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. and Flammulina velutipes, while only a few literatures reported on the cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus, Volvariella volvacea and Lentinus edodes. Most reports just briefly reported the medium formulations for edible fungi cultivation, without other details such as pretreatment of raw materials, records of hyphae growth, temperature, humidity, light, the concentration of CO_2, etc. In this paper, the medium formulations using oilseed rape straw reported by literatures were all listed in 3 tables, they included 29 formulations for the cultivation of Pleurotus spp., 13 formulations for the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes and 6 formulations for the cultivation of other edible fungi. The biological transformation efficiency of each formulation using oilseed rape straw was discussed. The biological transformation efficiency of most formulations mainly composed by oilseed rape straw was commonly lower than the biological transformation efficiency of traditional formulations, however, most of the former formulations presented higher economic input-output ratio than the latter, as oilseed rape straw was normally cheaper than the traditional substrates such as cotton seed hulls, sawdust etc. Furthermore, mushroomhyphae normally grew faster on oilseed rape straw substrates than traditional substrates, which could significantly shorten the cultivation period of edible fungi and subsequently reduce the cost of the cultivation of edible fungi. Therefore, oilseed rape straw is a potential valuable substrate for the cultivation of edible fungi. According to the literatures reported on the cultivation of edible fungi using oilseed rape straw, in the future, the researches on the cultivation of edible fungi using oilseed rape straw should mainly focused on the following fields: 1) Selecting suitable edible fungi species for the cultivation experiments using oilseed rape straw substrate. Many wood rot edible fungi and grass rot edible fungi, such as Auricularia auricular, Pholiota nameko, Agrocybe chaxingu, Coprinus comatus, Agaricus bisporus, etc, should be tried to cultivated on oilseed rape straw? 2) Using modern breeding techniques, such as artificial breeding, hybridization, mutation, gene engineering, cytoplasmic fusion, etc, to obtain strains for oilseed rape straw substrate, 3) Developing new medium formulations by using oilseed rape straw for cultivating edible fungi and more efficient pattern for the cultivation of edible fungi with oilseed rape straw media.
