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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同排水措施对青海高寒区盐碱地改良效果的研究 灌溉排水学报 2018 (12) 78-85
Position: Home > Articles > Efficacy of a Drainage System in Remediating Saline-alkali Soils in the Alpine Region of Qinghai Province Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 2018 (12) 78-85

不同排水措施对青海高寒区盐碱地改良效果的研究

作  者：
张震中;张金旭;黄佳盛;张潭;唐达;贺康宁;李润杰
单  位：
青海省水利水电科技发展有限公司;北京林业大学水土保持学院;北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室/北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心/林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心
关键词：
盐碱地治理;波纹管;毛细透排水带;淋盐定额;土壤盐分
摘  要：
【目的】解决青海高寒区盐碱地治理的问题。【方法】采取在青海柴达木盆地德令哈(中度盐渍化)与诺木洪(重度盐渍化)2处试验区建设排盐工程与田间试验的方法,在中度和重度盐渍化土地安装毛细透排水带与暗管进行排水,分析了毛细透排水带降盐技术对中度和重度盐渍化土壤盐分变化规律的影响。【结果】(1)中度和重度盐渍化土壤表层(0～10 cm)盐分下降最快,其他土层盐分量呈现显著下降,中度和重度土壤最高脱盐率分别为81.19%和96.62%,重度盐渍化土壤盐分可降低至中度水平;(2)2处试验区0～10 cm土壤盐分中Cl-、SO42-、Na+和K+量较原始土样明显下降,毛细透排水带对Cl-、SO42-、Na+和K+有显著的淋洗作用;(3)毛细透排水带降盐技术在青海高寒区中度盐渍化地区土壤脱盐率可达98.61%,重度盐渍化地区淋盐定额土壤脱盐率可达94.41%。在1 500 m3/hm2灌水量、灌水次数4次的淋盐定额下,中度盐渍化土壤的改良效果最好;在1 650 m3/hm2灌水量,灌水次数4次的淋盐定额下,重度盐渍化土壤的改良效果最好。【结论】毛细透排水带可以有效治理盐碱土壤,中度盐渍化地区改善土壤性质,恢复耕地,提高土地生产力。
译  名：
Efficacy of a Drainage System in Remediating Saline-alkali Soils in the Alpine Region of Qinghai Province
作  者：
ZHANG Zhenzhong;ZHANG Jinxu;HUANG Jiasheng;ZHANG Tan;TANG Da;HE Kangning;LI Runjie;School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University;Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower of Qinghai Province;
单  位：
ZHANG Zhenzhong%ZHANG Jinxu%HUANG Jiasheng%ZHANG Tan%TANG Da%HE Kangning%LI Runjie%School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University%Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower of Qinghai Province
关键词：
saline soil improvement;;subsurface pipe;;capillary-drainage belt;;salt quota;;soil salinity
摘  要：
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present a drainage system as well as test of its efficacy in remediating saline-alkali soil in alpine region of Qinghai province.【Method】The work is part of a soil desalination project in Delhi(moderate salinization) and Nuomhon(severe salinization) in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai province, in which we studied salt leaching from the saline-alkali soils drained by a new system consisting of capillary-drainage belts and standard subsurface drain.【Result】(1) In both soils, salt leaching from the top 0～10 cm was faster than from the subsoil and the leaching rate from the moderate and severe salinized soils at the end of the experiment was 81.19% and 96.62% respectively.(2)The results saw a significant decrease in contents of Cl-,SO42-, Na+and K+in the top 0～10 cm soil, indicating the system was effective in leaching these ions.(3)Overall,the system leached 98.61% of salt in the moderate salinized soil and 94.41% of salt in the severe salinized soil.【Conclusion】In terms of leaching rate, irrigating 1 500 m3/hm2 water in four times is most efficient for the moderate salinized soil, and 1 500 m3/hm2 in four times most efficient for the severe salinized soil.

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