单 位：
福建农林大学经济学院;福建农林大学金山学院;厦门大学管理学院
摘 要：
基于造纸企业1998—2013年的非平衡面板数据构建动态面板模型,采用一般矩估计方法(GMM)克服内生性问题,明确政府补贴与造纸企业出口的因果关系,检验政府补贴对造纸企业出口扩张的影响效应,结果显示:当期的补贴收入对受补贴造纸企业出口未产生显著影响,而滞后一期的补贴收入对造纸企业当期出口具有显著的促进作用,该滞后效应出现在间断性出口企业中,但未在持续出口企业中出现,在一定程度上反映出政府补贴能激励造纸企业进入国际市场,但不是持续出口企业出口规模扩张的关键要素;滞后一期的补贴收入对纸浆及造纸企业的出口具有促进作用,但对纸及纸制品企业的出口无显著影响。
译 名：
Assessment of the Impact of Government Subsidy on the Export of Paper-making Enterprises
作 者：
LIN Weiming;CHEN Jianling;LIU Ying;DAI Yongwu;XIE Yuhui;Jinshan College,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;College of Economics,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;School of Management,Xiamen University;
关键词：
government subsidy;;paper-making enterprises;;export;;system Generalized Method of Moments
摘 要：
⑴ Background——Whether government subsidy can promote the export of enterprises has always been a scientific issue concerned by Chinese scholars.From 1998 to 2013,paper-making industry was one of the industries that enjoyed relatively more subsidy,and its export volume showed a trend of rapid growth.It is worth investigating whether the export expansion effect is caused by subsidy.⑵ Methods——Based on the unbalanced panel data of paper-making enterprises from 1998 to 2013,49 514 observations were obtained after excluding the data of 2004 and 2009-2010.This paper constructed a dynamic panel data model to show the persistence of trade behavior of paper-making enterprises.Dynamic panel model does not eliminate the unobservable heterogeneous effects of enterprises,and other explanatory variables may have endogenous problems.Fixed-effect model or stochastic-effect model will lead to model estimation bias.Therefore,this paper uses the system Generalized Method of Moments(GMM) to estimate the dynamic panel data model.⑶ Results——First,the total subsidy income of paper-making enterprises increased from$326 million RMB in 1998 to$1.775 billion RMB in 2013,and the average subsidy income of subsidized enterprises increased from 834.7 thousand yuan to 2794.7 thousand yuan.Moreover,in the samples of this paper,the proportion of subsidized enterprises with export business in 2010-2013 was as high as 60.53%,46.55% and 61.66% respectively.Second,in total sample model,the current subsidy income has no significant promotion effect on the current export of paper-making enterprises,but the lagging subsidy income has a significant promotion effect on the current export of paper-making enterprises(coefficient is 0.128),indicating that the government subsidy has a lagging effect on the export promotion of paper-making enterprises and this has been tested.Third,the effect of government subsidy on the export of sustained export enterprises is not significant,and the influence coefficient of the lagging subsidy income on the export of discontinuous export enterprises is 0.155,which indicates that government subsidy is not the driving factor for the expansion of export scale of sustained export enterprises,but is the driving factor for the entry of discontinuous export enterprises into the export market.These results show that the cost compensation effect of government subsidy can significantly increase the export probability of paper-making enterprises.Fourth,the lagging subsidy income has a significant impact on the export of pulp and paper making enterprises(coefficient is 0.195),but has no significant impact on the export of paper and paper products enterprises.The results show that the government subsidy has a significant role in promoting the export of capital and technology-intensive pulp and paper making enterprises,while it has no significant role in the export of labor-intensive paper and paper products enterprises.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First,for non-exporting or discontinuous exporting enterprises,the paper industry departments or associations should focus on helping the two types of enterprises reduce the costs,risks and obstacles of the first(recovery)export,in order to improve the export participation rate of paper-making enterprises with endogenous export power.Secondly,for continuous exporting enterprises,we should focus on subsidizing and supporting them in enhancing internal management,international channel management,international marketing and other activities,which can help them explore advanced management methods and "unique" advantages rather than low-cost advantages,and build the micro-foundation for sustainable export growth of paper enterprises.
