单 位：
广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室;广西大学生命科学与技术学院;桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院;桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心
关键词：
珊瑚礁;物种组成;鱼类多样性;广西涠洲岛
摘 要：
【目的】明确广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种组成及其优势物种,为广西涠洲岛渔业资源的合理开发及科学管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2015年10月—2016年9月,采用三重刺网结合潜水和垂钓的方法逐月对广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域5个采样点进行鱼类采样调查,通过相对重要性指数(IRI)确定优势物种,并采用相似度指数(Sc)、非加权平均聚类法(UPGMA)及无度量多维排序(NMDS)比较分析不同珊瑚礁海域的鱼类物种组成结构。【结果】从广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域共采集鱼类标本2051尾,经鉴定隶属于2纲12目49科84属114种,其中,软骨鱼纲有2目2科2属2种,硬骨鱼纲有10目47科112种。硬骨鱼纲中以鲈形目种类最多(85种),占采集物种总数的74.56%。广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域四季的鱼类物种数存在一定差异,春季有88种、夏季有63种、秋季有76种、冬季有50种;从鱼类栖息水层来看,底层鱼类有53种,中下层鱼类有45种,中上层鱼类有16种,分别占采集物种总数的46.49%、39.47%和14.04%;该海域鱼类以暖水性鱼类为主(102种),暖温性鱼类仅12种,未见冷温性和温水性鱼类。广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种组成与同纬度徐闻珊瑚礁海域的相似性最高,与海南岛珊瑚礁海域的相似性相对较低,而与西沙赵述岛珊瑚礁海域的相似性最低。【结论】广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类以暖水性为主,四季鱼类物种组成存在一定差异,以底层和中下层鱼类为主,但鱼类物种相对丰度较低且数量相对偏少,与受人类活动干扰有一定关系。因此,为更好地保护广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种多样性,建议有关部门采取相应措施减缓过度捕捞或旅游区开发等人类活动的影响。
译 名：
Coral reef fish species composition in Weizhou Island,Guangxi
作 者：
ZOU Qi;WU Zhi-qiang;HUANG Liang-liang;DING Yang;HUANG Xin;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology;College of Life Science and Technology,Guangxi University;
关键词：
coral reef;;species composition;;fish diversity;;Weizhou Island,Guangxi
摘 要：
【Objective】It was to clarify the composition of the fish species as well as dominant species in coral reef area of Weizhou Island in Guangxi,and provide scientific basis for the reasonable development and scientific management of fishery resources in Weizhou Island of Guangxi.【Method】The fish samples were collected monthly from five sampling sites by multi-approaches(such as trammel nets,diving and fishing)from October 2015 to September 2016 in Weizhou Island. Through the index of relative importance(IRI),the dominant species were determined. Moreover,the species compositions from different coral reefs were compared and analyzed by the similarity index(Sc),unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS).【Result】The results showed that a total of 2051 fish individuals were collected,which were identified to 114 species,belonging to 2 class,12 orders,49 families,84 genera. There were two species of Chondrichthyes,belonging to two orders,two families and two genera.There were 112 species of Osteichthyes belonging to 10 orders,47 families. Perciformes was the richest fish families(85 fish species)among the Osteichthyes,accounting for 74.56% of the total fish species. The species numbers in coral reef area of Weizhou Island in the four seasons were different,there were 88 species in spring,63 in summer,76 in autumn and 50 in winter. In terms of the perched water layers,there were 53 demersal fish species,45 benthopelagic fish species,and 16 pelagic fish species,accounting for 46.49%,39.47% and 14.04% of the total species,respectively. The warm-water fish was the dominant fish,comprising 102 species,and 12 warm-temperate fish species were collected in this area.There was no cold-temperature species or temperate water species. The fish species compositions in coral reef area of Weizhou Island had the highest similarity with coral reef area of Xuwen,where the altitude was the same. The similarity with Hainna Island was low,and the similarity with Zhaoshu Island of Xisha Islands was the lowest.【Conclusion】The dominant fish species in coral reef areas in Weizhou Island of Guangxi are warm-water fishes,the compositions vary in the four seasons. demersal and benthopelagic fish species are the majority,but the species relative abundance is low and species number is small,which may be related to disturbance of human activities.
