作 者：
湯逸人;蔣英;楊爾濟;孫文榮;謝·洛·波波柯夫
摘 要：
新疆維吾爾自治區伊犂專區鞏乃斯羊場培育成的新疆毛肉兼用細毛羊(簡稱新疆細毛羊或新疆羊,舊名蘭哈羊),是我國第一個育成的細毛羊品種。截至1956年4月初止,鞏乃斯羊場有大羊14,821只,羔羊7,977只。自1949-1955年間,已出場公母羊16,479只,其中大部份為公羊,供該自治區以及關內各地充改良品種之用。1956年推廣範圍更大。目前分佈地區除新疆外,包括內蒙古自治區、甘肅、青海、陝西、山西、河北、四川、江西、吉林等省,全國純種新疆細毛羊已達70,000只左右,已雜交母羊160餘萬只,對我國綿羊品種改良工作影響極大。故作者認為將有關新疆細毛羊在鞏乃斯羊
译 名：
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SINKIANG FINE-WOOL SHEEP
作 者：
Y. Z. TANG, YING CHIANG, R-CHI YANG W. Y. SUN ;S. L. PAPKOV
摘 要：
Breeding program of Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep was started at Urumchi, Sinkiang, in 1935, by grading-up the Kazakh and Mongolian ewes with rams of Caucacian Fine-wool Sheep and Precose imported from the Soviet Union. The flock was moved to the present location, Kunnas Sheep Breeding Farm, 120 km. from Yilee, Sinkiang, in the winter of 1939. This new breed was resulted chiefly from mating the Caucacian Kaxakh F4 crossbreds inter si. The Mongolian ewes were discarded in 1940 because they gave birth to many colored lambs, and the Precose played relatively insignificant role in the formation of the breed. In March, 1954, Ministry of Agriculture of the Chinese Peoples' Republic approved it as a distinct breed with the full name of "Sinkiang Wool-Mutton Dual-purposed Fine-Wool Sheep". Up to early April, 1956, the flock of Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep at Kunnas consisted of 14,821 head of mature and yearling rams and ewes and 7,977 lambs. From 1949 to 1955, 16,479 head of breeding stock, mostly rams, have been sold from Kunnas to farms and artificial insemination certers within Sinkiang and also in other 9 provinces and autonomous regions of the country. It is estimated that there are about 70,000 head of pure-bred Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep in various parts of China. During 1952- 1955, 1,600,000 coarse-woolled ewes were crossed by rams of the Sinkiang Fine-wool Breed. In order to improve the productivity of the flock at Kunnas, 710 of the best ewes were selected and in 1954 formed the nucleus group, which were provided with shelter at lambing time and supplemental feeding during late pregnancy and early lactation period. The rest of the ewes belong to the common flock which live entirely on grazing. The rams are fed except in summer while they graze on high mountains. This paper deals with the productivity of Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep at Kunnas Sheep Breeding Farm. The average birth weight of lambs born as singles is as follows: males, 5.03 kg., females, 4.68 kg; lambs born as twins, males, 4.04kg., females, 3.84kg. The average weaning weight for males, 29.93-30.50kg., for females 28.40-31.46kg, the ram-lambs were weaned 20 days earlier than ewe-lambs. The rams weighed 83.06kg. on the average (range from 78.5-94.0) right after shearing, while their average weight at the beginning of the breeding season was 94.6 kg. (range from 78.0-109.0). The corresponding weights for ewes of the nucleus group were 50.82kg. (range from 38.0-71.0) and 59.81kg. (range from 42.6-80.0) respectively. The fleece weight of rams averaged 6.26kg. (range from 4.6-10.34), of ewes of the nucleus group-4.18 kg. (range from 2.8-6.4), of ewes of the common flock-3.75kg. (range from 1.6-5.6), of yearling rams-3.27kg. (range from 1.5-5.8), and of yearling ewes-2.87kg. (range from 1.6-5.0). The average diameter of the wool fibers ranged from 20.76 to 23.92μ, or of 64's to 60's quality. The average wool-fat content is 28.24% for the rams, and 18.71% for the ewes. The staple length of the majority of the flock is under 7 cm. in 12-month growth. The density of the fleece ranged from 5,132 to 6,826 fibers per sq. cm. of skin area. The lambing percentage of ewes of the nucleus group was 143.3% in 1955. Among this group 43.69% of the ewes gave birth to twin lambs, and 0.79% gave birth to triplets. The lambing percentage of the ewes of the common flock was 137.56%; 38.670/ of the ewes gave birth to twihs and 0.33% of the ewes gave birth to twins and 0.33% gave birth to triplets. The productivity of the flock kept at Kunnas is not very satisfactory as compared with the Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep raised on other state farms. For example, Sinkiang Fine-wool Sheep of Tseng-nan Sheep Breeding Farm, Kirin Province, were bought from Kunnas in 1952, their record fleece weight already reached 17.45kg. for ram and 9.6kg. for ewe in 1955. The authors analyzed the factors which caused the relatively low productivity of flocks kept at Kunnas, and suggested ways for the improvement of the breed.
