作 者：
王昂;戴丹超;马旭洲;牟群;于永清;吕为群
单 位：
盘山县河蟹技术研究所;上海海洋大学;淮安生物工程高等职业学校
关键词：
稻蟹共作;施肥;土壤微生物量氮;氮素淋溶损失;相关性
摘 要：
为探索稻蟹共作系统水体氮(N)素的淋溶损失,在辽宁省盘锦市开展田间试验.试验采用二因素裂区设计,以养蟹为主因素,施N肥为副因素,设置4个处理,即单作稻不施N肥(R0M),稻蟹共作不施N肥(R0C),单作稻施N肥(施N量为160 kg/hm2,R1M)和稻蟹共作施N肥(160 kg/hm2,R1C).结果表明:铵态氮(NH4+-N)是田面水中N素存在的主要形态,占田面水中总N(total nitrogen,TN)含量的50.8%;硝态氮(NO3--N)是淋溶水N素的主要形态,占TN淋溶量的58.5%.施肥可以显著提高土壤微生物量N(microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)含量、田面水N素和淋溶水N素含量(P<0.05).养蟹稻田的土壤MBN含量较单作稻田提高了17.7%.养蟹可以显著降低淋溶水NO3--N含量(P<0.05),但是对田面水N素、淋溶水铵态氮(NH4+-N)和可溶性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)含量影响较小.淋溶水NO3--N含量与田面水NO3--N含量呈线性正相关(P<0.01),淋溶水DON含量与土壤MBN含量呈线性负相关(P<0.01).R1M和R1C处理的TN淋溶量分别占当季施肥量的7.6%和6.3%,N淋溶不是肥料中N素损失的主要途径.在施肥条件下,养蟹降低了15.0%的TN淋溶量(P<0.05),而在不施肥条件下,降低了7.2%的TN淋溶量(P>0.05).说明稻蟹共作模式可以有效地降低稻田肥料N素的淋溶损失.
译 名：
Effects of rice-crab culture on nitrogen leaching in rice fields in the north of China
作 者：
WANG Ang;DAI Danchao;MA Xuzhou;MOU Qun;YU Yongqing;Lü Weiqun;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University;Huai'an Higher Vocational School of Biological Engineering;Panshan Research Institution of Crab Technology;
关键词：
rice-crab culture;;fertilization;;microbial biomass nitrogen in soil;;leaching losses of nitrogen;;correlation
摘 要：
In order to explore the leaching loss of nitrogen(N) in the rice-crab culture system, a field experiment was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province. A split-plot design with two factors was arranged in this experiment, with crab or without crab as main factors, with or without N fertilizer as sub-factors. The treatments included: 1) rice monoculture without N fertilizer(R0M); 2) rice-crab culture without N fertilizer(R0C); 3) rice monoculture with N fertilization(with N of 160 kg/hm~2, R1M); 4) rice-crab culture with N fertilizer(with N of160 kg N/hm~2, R1C). The results showed that NH_4~+-N was the primary form of N in flooding water, accounting for 50.8% of the total N(TN), while NO_3~--N contributed the most to N in leaching water, accounting for 58.5% of TN. Fertilization could significantly increase the concentrations of microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) in soil,N in flooding and leaching water(P<0.05). The mean concentration of soil MBN in rice-crab field was 17.7%higher than that in rice monoculture. Rearing crab significantly increased the concentration of MBN in soil and reduced leaching losses of NO_3~--N(P<0.05), but had little effect on N concentrations in flooding water and leaching losses of NH_4~+-N and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON). The concentration of NO_3~--N in the leaching water showed positive correlation with NO_3~--N in flooding water(P<0.01), while the concentration of DON in the leaching water was negatively correlated with the concentration of soil MBN(P<0.01). The cumulative TN leaching of R1M and R1C treatments was 7.6% and 6.3%, respectively, which indicated that the N leaching was not the predominant fertilizer N losses. Rearing crab in rice fields could reduce the cumulative TN leaching by 15.0% at fertilized plots(P<0.05), and 7.2% at no fertilized plots(P>0.05). All in all, the integration of rice and crab cultivation effectively reduces the leaching loss of N fertilizer in rice field.
