关键词：
水质评价;层次分析法;CRITIC;理想点组合赋权;综合水质标识指数法;大伙房水库
摘 要：
传统的综合水质标识指数法能够对水质进行定性及定量评价,但忽视了不同评价因子的重要程度对于实际研究区域水质的影响.针对这一问题,对综合水质标识指数法进行了改进,利用AHP法和CRITIC法分别计算出各项水质指标的主、客观权重,并采用理想点法代替乘法归一法、线性加权法进行组合赋权计算,将改进后的综合水质标识指数法应用到大伙房水库上游段水质进行评价,同时将改进前后的评价结果进行了对比.结果表明:在2011~2017年期间,利用传统的水质标识指数法得到的评价结果为北杂木断面水质为Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类,古楼断面水质为Ⅱ类,台沟断面水质为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类,但由于3个断面的总氮浓度均已超过国家地表水Ⅴ类标准,因此某些年份3个断面实际总体水质情况无法达到地表水Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类标准;应用改进后的综合水质标识法得到的评价结果为北杂木断面综合水质情况为地表水Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类,古楼和台沟断面均为地表水Ⅲ类,3个典型监测断面在绝大多数参评年份中均未达到该区域的水质要求,其中仅有北杂木的4个参评年份满足该地区水环境功能区划的要求,其余均不满足,评价结果较改进之前更为符合研究区域实际情况.同时3个断面总氮污染严重,个别参评年份甚至已达到劣Ⅴ类标准.改进后的评价方法考虑了总氮指标超标严重的情况,较传统方法得到的评价结果更加准确客观,研究成果可为环境管理提供参考.
作 者：
YAN Bin;JIANG Xiu-hui;ZHONG Zhan-hua;LIU Yu-ting;WANG Tuo-hua;College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University;China Water Conservancy Bureau of Lianshan District;
单 位：
YAN Bin%JIANG Xiu-hui%ZHONG Zhan-hua%LIU Yu-ting%WANG Tuo-hua%College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University%China Water Conservancy Bureau of Lianshan District
关键词：
water quality assessment;;AHP;;CRITIC;;combination Weighting of Ideal Point Method;;comprehensive water quality identification index method;;Dahuofang Reservoir
摘 要：
The traditional comprehensive water quality identification index method can evaluate the water quality qualitatively and quantitatively, but it ignores the influence of the importance of different evaluation factors on the water quality of the area studied in practice. In order to solve this problem, the comprehensive water quality marking index method has been improved.Calculating the main and objective weights of each water quality index by AHP method and CRITIC method, and the ideal point method was used instead of the multiplication normalization method and the linear weighting method to perform the combined weighting calculation. The improved comprehensive water quality marking index method was applied to the water quality evaluation of the upstream section of Dahuofang Reservoir. At the same time, the evaluation results before and after the improvement were compared. The results showed that during the period of 2011-2017, the results obtained by using the traditional water quality marking index method are as follows. The water quality of the Beizamu section was Ⅱ class or Ⅲ class,the Gulou section was Ⅱ class, and the Taigou section was Ⅰ class or Ⅱ class. However, because the total nitrogen concentrations of the three sections have exceeded the national surface water class Ⅴ standard, the actual overall water quality of the three sections in some years could not reach the surface water class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ standards. The evaluation results obtained by using the improved comprehensive water quality marking method showed that the comprehensive water quality of Beizamu section was surface water Ⅲ class or Ⅳ class, the Gulou section and Taigou section were all surface water Ⅲ class.The three typical monitoring sections failed to meet the water quality requirements of the region in most of the participating years by using the improved method, among which only four participating years of Beizamu section met the requirements of the water environment functional regionalization in the area, while the rest did not meet the requirements of the water environment functional region in this area. The evaluation results were more consistent with the actual situation of the study area. And the total nitrogen pollution was the most serious in the three sections, and even reached the inferior Ⅴ class standard in individual evaluation years. The improved evaluation method was taken into account the situation that the total nitrogen index exceeded the standard and was more accurate and objective than the traditional method. The research results could be used as a reference for environmental management.
