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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 天然草地放牧牦牛采食行为及食性选择的研究 家畜生态学报 2008,29 (5) 31-35
Position: Home > Articles > Botanical Composition and Grazing Behaviour of Qinghai Yaks of Plateau Type in the Natural Rangeland Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology 2008,29 (5) 31-35

天然草地放牧牦牛采食行为及食性选择的研究

作  者：
宋仁德;长谷川信美;李国梅;徐宁;才尕;张青兰
单  位：
日本宫崎大学;玉树州草原站;玉树州畜牧兽医站
关键词：
天然草地;植被构成;食物选择性;采食行为;高原型牦牛
摘  要：
对青南地区玉树县境内2牧场的草地植被及成年母牦牛的采食行为和选择性采食习性及其关系进行了探讨,结果表明:B牧场禁牧区的生物量显著高于A牧场的禁牧区及A,B牧场的放牧区(P<0.05),B牧场的可食植物量显著高于A牧场(P<0.05),A牧场的可食植物量只占地上生物量的一半以下;B牧场分别以小嵩草,矮嵩草,披碱草,针茅,蒲公英等优良牧草为优势种,次优势种,而A牧场以线叶嵩草为优势种,凤毛菊,狼毒,黄帚橐吾等毒杂草及早熟禾等为次优势种;B牧场以小嵩草、矮嵩草等莎草科和为主要采食植物,而在A牧场除以莎草科植物为主要采食植物外,由于可食牧草量的不足,还采食一些本不喜食的植物。矮嵩草和小嵩草是牦牛最喜食,选择性最高的植物;斑块内采食口数A牧场为50.6 bite/patch显著少于B牧场的81.1 bite/patch(P<0.01);斑块内采食站数A牧场为8.4 FS/patch显著多于B牧场的5.2 FS/patch(P<0.001);采食站内采食口数A牧场为6.6 bite/FS显著少于B牧场的17.4 bite/FS(P<0.001);采食速度A牧场为1.32 bites/sec显著慢于B牧场的1.46 bites/sec(P<0.01)。放牧草地的食物资源的匮乏,使放牧牦牛的食物选择性降低,采食行为的内容变劣,A牧场草地处于严重退化状态;牦牛处于缺营养状态,草地的退化对牦牛的生产性能有很大的影响。
译  名：
Botanical Composition and Grazing Behaviour of Qinghai Yaks of Plateau Type in the Natural Rangeland
作  者：
SONG Ren-de1,2,HASAGAWA Nobumi2,LI Guo-mei3,XU Ning3,CAI Ga1,ZHANG Qing-lan1(1.Yushu Prefectural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Xingjianlu,Jiegu,Yushu State,Qinghai Province 815000,China;2.Faculty of Agriculture,University of Miyazaki,1-1,Nishi,Gakuen-Kibanadai,Miyazaki 889-2192,Japan;3.Yushu Prefectural Grassland Station,109,Jequlu,Jiegu,Yushu State,Qinghai Province 815000,China)
关键词：
alpine rangeland;Botanical composition;diet selection;grazing behaviour;Yaks of plateau type
摘  要：
Botanical composition and biomass of rangelands and grazing behaviour of yaks of plateau type were investigated in two ranches(A and B) in Yushu State,Qinghai Province,China.Edible plant biomass was significantly smaller in A(42.9 gDM/m2) than B(109.8 gDM/m2)(P<0.05).Dominant and subdominant species of plants in A were Kobresia capillifolia,Saussurea stella,Stellera chamaejasme,Ligularia virgaurea,Poa poiphagorum,etc.,and those in B were K.pygmaea,K.humilis,Stipa aliena,Taraxacum mongolicum,etc.S.stella is known to be unpalatable but was still grazed by yak cows in A but was rarely done in B.The grazing behaviour of yaks differed in the two ranches: the numbers of feeding stations in a patch were significantly greater(P<0.01) and the bite numbers in a feeding station were significantly smaller(P<0.001) in A than in B.Bite rate was slower in A than in B(P<0.01).It is suggested that deterioration of rangeland by overgrazing might have been in progress and have been limiting nutritional intake and lowering productivity of yak in A as compared with B.

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