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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 阿月浑子(Pistacia vera L.)生殖生物学研究评述 园艺学报 2001 (1) 609-616
Position: Home > Articles > A Review on Reproduction Biology on Pistacia vera L. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2001 (1) 609-616

阿月浑子(Pistacia vera L.)生殖生物学研究评述

作  者：
邢世岩;李健;阿不都米吉提
单  位：
新疆喀什市林业局;山东农业大学林学院林学系
关键词：
阿月浑子;生殖生物学;雄花;雌花;传粉;受精;胚囊;坚果
摘  要：
阿月浑子(Pistacia vera L.)雄蕊分化从4月下旬到5月下旬,5~6枚。花粉发芽率85％。每个花序有花粉173 mg,花期15 d。雌花分化从4月上旬到6月下旬,具1个发育心皮和2个败育心皮。雌雄分化均有3～5个月静止期。雌雄花内均有异性花器分化,但最终退化形成单性花。成熟的胚囊含有8个核。花粉达柱头后2 h开始发芽,21 h后分泌物明显。传粉2 d后“合点受精”。果实及种子发育呈S型曲线。种子发育早期总糖达43％,成熟时脂肪达40.1％。大小年及落花落果与营养水平、光合速率、负载量及栽培技术有关。空壳与单性结实和败育有关,并以后者为主,且与砧木有关。
译  名：
A Review on Reproduction Biology on Pistacia vera L.
作  者：
Xing Shiyan , Li Jian , and Abudou Mijiti (Forest Department, Forest College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an 271018; Kashen City Forestry Bureau of Xinjiang Regional National Autonomy, Kashen 844000)
关键词：
Pistachio; Reproduction biology; Male flower; Female flower; Pollination; Fertilization; Embryo sac; Nut
摘  要：
This is a review on reproduction biology pistachio tree ( Pistacia vera L.). pistachio, a dioecious tree species, belong to edbile oil nut, Male flower development initiate in late April, end in late May, and produce three to five stamens. Fresh pollens germination is 85 % . There are 137 mg pollens per inflorescence, bloom period continue 15 d. Female floral organogenesis initiate in early April, end in late June, comprise one large carpel and two smaller sterile carpels. There is a arrested growth phase both staminate and pistillate flowers. There are opposite sexs organogenesis both male and female flowers in earlier development stages, but the putative stamen or carpal primordial degenerate and produce an unisexual flower. There is eight-nucleus cells in the mature embryo sac. Pollen germination reach on stigma after 2 h, and stigmatic secretion increased after 21 h. Pistachio belong to chalazogamy, fertilization percent is maximum 2 d after pollination. Nut and seed development patterns is S type cure. Total sugars contents reach 43% in early seed development, but at maturity crude fat increase to 40.1% . The 'on' , 'off' year and abscission of pistachio inflorescence and younger fruits are related to nutrition level, photosynethesis rate, crop load and cultivation techniques et al. Blank fruits result from abortion and parthenocarpy, and abortion is a primary reason and also are related with rootstocks. The reproduction biology on pistachio is discussed in this review.

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