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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响 应用生态学报 2013,24 (5) 1361-1366
Position: Home > Articles > 不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响 Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 2013,24 (5) 1361-1366

不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

作  者：
易立攀;于振文;张永丽;王东;石玉;赵俊晔
单  位：
山东农业大学;中国农业科学院农业信息研究所
关键词：
冬小麦;测墒补灌;耗水特性;籽粒产量
摘  要：
于2010-2011年选用高产小麦品种济麦22进行大田试验,设置0~20 cm(W1)、0~40 cm(W2)、0~60 cm(W3)和0~140cm(W4)4个测墒补灌土层,于越冬期(目标相对含水量均为75%)、拔节期(目标相对含水量均为70%)和开花期(目标相对含水量均为70%)进行测墒补灌,以全生育期不灌水处理(W0)为对照,研究不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响.结果表明:小麦越冬期、拔节期和开花期补充灌水量为W3>W2>W1,W4处理小麦越冬期和拔节期补充灌水量较少,但开花期补灌量显著高于其他处理;全生育期补灌量占总耗水量的比例为W4、W3>W2>W1.土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例为W1>W2>W3>W4;随测墒补灌土层深度的增加,土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例减少;W2处理80~140cm和160~200 cm土层土壤水消耗量显著高于W3和W4处理.各处理的总补灌量为W3>W4>W2>W1;籽粒产量为W2、W3、W4>W1>W0,W2、W3、W4间无显著差异;水分利用效率为W2、W4>W0、W1>W3,W2与W4之间无显著差异.综合考虑灌水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率,W2处理是本试验条件下的最佳处理,即以0~40 cm土层测墒补灌效果最优.
单  位：
1 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China%2 Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
关键词：
winter wheat%supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement%water consumption characteristics%grain yield
摘  要：
In 2010-2011,a field experiment with high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four soil layers(0-20 cm,W1;0-40 cm,W2;0-60 cm,W3;and 0-140 cm,W4) were designed to make the supplemental irrigation at wintering stage(target soil relative moisture content = 75%),jointing stage(target soil relative moisture content = 70%),and anthesis stage(target soil relative moisture content = 70%),taking no irrigation(W0) during the whole growth season as the control.At the wintering,jointing,and anthesis stages,the required irrigation amount followed the order of W3> W2> W1.Treatment W4 required smaller irrigation amount at wintering and jointing stages,but significantly higher one at anthesis stage than the other treatments.The proportion of the irrigation amount relative to the total water consumption over the entire growth season followed the sequence of W4,W3> W2> W1.By contrast,the proportion of soil water consumption relative to the total water consumption followed the trend of W1> W2> W3> W4.With the increase of the test soil depths,the soil water utilization ratio decreased.The water consumption in 80-140 cm and 160-200 cm soil layers was significantly higher in W2 than in W3 and W4.The required total irrigation amount was in the order of W3> W4> W2> W1,the grain yield was in the order of W2,W3, W4> W1 > W0,and the water use efficiency followed the order of W2,W4> W0,W1> W3.To con- sider the irrigation amount,grain yield,and water use efficiency comprehensively,treatment W2 under our experimental condition could be the optimal treatment,i.e.,the required amount of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of the moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer should be feasible for the local winter wheat production.

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