单 位：
上海交通大学农业与生物学院;棕榈园林股份有限公司
摘 要：
研究狗牙根(Cynodon)草坪中藓类植物与狗牙根草坪草生长的小环境因子的差异,有利于狗牙根草坪中藓类植物的防治。于2013年至2014年采用配对取样法,分析了着生狗牙根草坪草的土壤(简称"狗牙根土壤")和着生藓类植物的土壤(简称"藓类土壤")中的相对含水量、电导率、pH值以及土壤和狗牙根及藓类植物体中的23种无机元素的相对含量和9种环境污染元素(7种重金属元素、Al和As)的绝对含量。分析结果表明,大雨后6d内藓类土壤的相对含水量(24.7%)均高于狗牙根土壤(23.5%);藓类土壤的pH值(7.93)显著低于狗牙根土壤(8.03);2类土壤的提取液的电导率(EC)没有显著差异。9种环境污染元素的绝对含量以藓类土壤(6.7~10 608.5mg/kg)和藓类植物(2.3~1 906.6mg/kg)中的Al离子和Fe、Zn、Cr、Cu及Ni重金属离子分别显著高于狗牙根土壤(1.4~2 730.9mg/kg)和狗牙根植物(0.16~80.5mg/kg);藓类植物体内的Pb(3.4mg/kg)含量显著高于狗牙根草坪草(0.2mg/kg),而在2类土壤中含量几乎为零;狗牙根草坪草中检测到Cl、Br元素相对含量为分别8.5%和0.2%,但在藓类植物体和2类土壤中均未检测到;藓类植物体中检测到Ti、Sr、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zr元素,而狗牙根草坪草中未含有这6种元素。由结果推测,在碱性土壤上具有相对较高的含水量、较低的pH值、相对较高的重金属和Al等环境污染元素含量和极低的Br、Cl元素含量,有利于藓类植物的滋生和生长。通过改善草坪坪床结构,使之有利于排水,可以削弱藓类植物的长势。而要根治狗牙根草坪上的藓类植物还需要根据化学元素的分析结果,进一步进行化学防治技术的研究。
译 名：
Analyzed Comparisons of Micro-Environmental Factors Optimal for Growth of Bermudagrass and the Mosses in Minhang District of Shanghai
作 者：
LI Chun-xia;WU Zi-an;HE Ya-li;School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University;Palm Landscape Architecture Co.Ltd.;
关键词：
bermudagrass;;mosses;;micro-environmental factors
摘 要：
Analysis of difference of micro-environmental factors for growth between bermudagrass and mosses in bermudagrass lawn will contribute to the control of the mosses in the lawn.Seven pairs ofsamples of moss and bermudagrass and the soils where the sampled mosses(moss soil)and bermudagrass(bermudagrass soil)grow were collected twice in April of 2013 and 2014.Relative water content,electric conductivity and pH value were measured in the soil samples,while the relative contents of 23 inorganic elements and the absolute contents of nine environmental pollution elements including seven heavy metal elements,Al and As were detected in both soil and plant samples.Results from the measurements showed that the water content(24.7%)in moss soil was higher than that(23.5%)in bermudagrass soil within six days after moderate rain falling,while the pH value(7.93)of moss soil was significantly lower than that(8.03)in bermudagrass soil.Nonetheless,no significant difference was found for the electric conductivity between both soil types.The absolute contents of Al element and heavy metal elements of Fe,Zn,Cr,Cu and Ni in moss soil(6.7-10 608.5mg/kg)and moss plant(2.3-1 906.6mg/kg)were significantly higher than that in bermudagrass soil(1.4-2 730.9 mg/kg)and bermudagrass plants(0.16-80.5 mg/kg).In addition,the absolute content of Pb element(3.4 mg/kg)in mosses was significantly higher than that(0.2mg/kg)in bermudagrass,while little was detected in the soil samples.Relative contents of Cl(8.5%)and Br(0.2%)were detected in bermudagrass but not in moss plants and both types of soils,while Ti,Sr,Cu,Cr,Ni and Zr were measured in mosses but not in bermudagrass.It was inferred that relatively higher water content,lower pH value,and higher contents of heavy mental elements and Al but little content of Cl and Br in alkaline soil would enhance the burst and growth of mosses in the lawn.To construct a nursery bed in favor of drainage might decrease the burst and growth of the mosses.However,to eradicate the mosses in bermudagrass lawn,further study should be made in chemical control based on the analyzed results of chemical elements from this study.
