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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 黄淮海平原麦棉套种共生期适宜土壤水分指标研究 河南农业科学 2006,35 (5) 64-68
Position: Home > Articles > Optimal Soil Moisture Indexes during the Coexistent Period of Wheat and Cotton in Huanghuaihai Plain Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2006,35 (5) 64-68

黄淮海平原麦棉套种共生期适宜土壤水分指标研究

作  者：
陈金平;周新国;李利红;刘祖贵;刘安能;王和洲
单  位：
中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所;郑州牧业工程高等专科学校生物工程系
关键词：
麦棉套种;共生期;适宜土壤水分指标;黄淮海平原
摘  要：
为了寻求麦棉共生期间适宜的土壤水分指标,对麦棉共生期不同土壤水分条件下的冬小麦主要生理特性和棉花的生长势做了连续测定,并对共生期间田间耗水量分别在2种作物上的分摊量做了估算。结果表明,随着麦棉共生期的生育进程,冬小麦旗叶水势、气孔导度、表观量子效率、净光合速率和蒸腾速率呈下降的趋势,且均随土壤含水量的提高而增加,处理间差异明显。蒸腾速率随着共生期进程和冬小麦的衰老,处理间差异迅速减小。共生期土壤含水量增加,作物田间总耗水量、冬小麦和棉花的耗水量均有明显提高。共生期作物田间耗水量占冬小麦全生育期田间总耗水量的28.8%~30%,而共生期冬小麦耗水量占同期作物田间耗水量的67.9%~72%。试验中60%(相对含水量,试验场地的田间持水量为24%,下同)土壤含水量处理的冬小麦水分利用效率最高,达到了1.63 kg/m3,这时其产量并无明显下降,且棉花的壮苗指数表现最大。70%土壤含水量处理的小麦产量略有增加,但其水分利用效率却下降到1.45 kg/m3,同时棉花的壮苗指数有所减小。研究还表明,在黄淮海平原麦棉套种的共生期,田间土壤的适宜水分为60%~70%,这样既保证了冬小麦的产量,又促进了棉花生长健壮。
译  名：
Optimal Soil Moisture Indexes during the Coexistent Period of Wheat and Cotton in Huanghuaihai Plain
作  者：
CHEN Jin-ping~1,ZHOU Xin-guo~1,LI Li-hong~2,LIU Zu-gui~1,LIU An-neng~1,WANG He-zhou~1 (1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,453003 China;2.The Department of Bioengineering,Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering,Zhengzhou 450011,China)
关键词：
Intercropping of wheat and cotton;Coexistent period; Optimal soil moisture index;Huanghuaihai plain
摘  要：
In order to seek the optimal soil moisture index during the coexistent period,the study was carried out from Oct 2003 to Jun 2005.The main physiological characteristics of wheat and the growth potential of cotton were determined and the soil water consumption of wheat and cotton were estimated during the coexistent period of wheat and cotton.The results showed that,with the proceeding of coexistent period,the flag leaf water potential,stomatal conductance,apparent quantum yield,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of wheat were all declined,but rose with the increase of soil moisture with the obvious differences among treatments.The differences of transpiration rates among different treatments were rapidly minified along with the growth proceeding and the senescence of wheat.With the soil moisture increased,the whole soil water consumption of crops,and that of wheat or cotton rose obviously.The soil water consumption during coexistent period accounted for 28.8%-30% of that of wheat whole growing period.The wheat soil water consumption was(67.9%)-72% of that of crops during the coexistent period.The wheat water use efficiency of the treatment of 60% relative soil moisture(the water-holding capacity of the experiment field was 24%) was the highest up to 1.63 kg/m~3 with no obvious decline of wheat yield and the highest sturdy index of cotton seedlings,while wheat yield slightly increased under the condition of 70% soil moisture treatment with the lower water use efficiency of 1.45 kg/m~3 and the lower sturdy index of cotton seedlings.The study confirmed that during the coexistent period of wheat and cotton in huanghuaihai plain,the optimal soil moisture should be 60%-70%.

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