摘 要：
以冬小麦为试验对象,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同有机肥、不同外源汞施用量对土壤和小麦的汞污染、迁移和累积的影响。结果表明,随着汞施入量的增加,土壤全汞和有效汞含量逐渐增加,使小麦吸收汞增加。在小麦整个生育期,土壤有效汞与小麦根、茎叶、籽粒吸收的汞之间呈极显著正相关性。随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤有效态汞含量逐渐减少,继而降低小麦对汞的吸收。相关分析表明,有机肥施用量与土壤有效汞呈显著负相关。有机肥对土壤有效汞的抑制效果以低汞高有机肥处理效果最为显著,苗期达到58.94%,收获期达到62.29%。有机肥施用量与苗期低汞处理下小麦茎叶和根部汞含量呈显著负相关,与收获期的所有汞处理下小麦茎叶、根部和籽粒汞含量呈极显著或显著负相关,在低汞处理,施用有机肥完全抑制了土壤中汞向籽粒中转移。所有处理小麦各器官汞含量的分布规律为根>茎叶>籽粒。
译 名：
Effects of Applying Organic Fertilizer and Mercury Added on Hg Pollution in Soils-Winter Wheat System
作 者：
LIU Wen-ba, ZHANG Qin, ZHANG Chong-yu (College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
关键词：
organic fertilizer; soil; total mercury; available mercury
摘 要：
Effects of applying organic fertilizer and mercury added on Hg pollution in soils-winter wheat system was conducted by pot experiment, taking winter wheat as experimental object. In pot experiment, organic fertilizer treatment was designed to four levels:F1(0.15 kg·pot-1), F2(0.3 kg·pot-1), F3(0.5 kg·pot-1), F4(0.8 kg·pot-1), applied Hg was designed to four levels:Hg1(0.1 mg·kg-1), Hg2(0.3 mg·kg-1), Hg3 (0.6 mg·kg-1), Hg4(1.5 mg·kg-1). Full randomic test program with two factors was used in this experiment.The analytic result indicated that the contents of total Hg and available Hg in soils increased with increasing amount of Hg added, so that the content of Hg in winter wheat organs also increased. The relationships between contents of available Hg in soils and contents of Hg in roots, stems/leaves in seeding period were positive correlated significantly with the correlated coefficient of 0.923 0*(*n=25)and 0.920 6*(*n=25). The relationships between contents of available Hg in soils and contents of Hg in roots, stems/leaves and seeds in harvesting period were positive correlated significantly with the correlated coefficient of 0.964 5**(n=25), 0.918 2**(n=25), 0.918 80**(n=16), respectively. The contents of available Hg in soils were affected obviously by amount of applied organic fertilizer which absorded and restained available Hg in soils from seeding period to havesting period. At same Hg level, the contents of available Hg in soils decreased with incresing of applied organic fertilizer. The correlated analytic results showed that the relationships between contents of available Hg in soils and amounts of applied organic fertilizer not only were negtive correlated in seeding period but also in havesting period at four Hg levels (Hg1、Hg2、Hg3、Hg4), the correlated coefficients were -0.945 1*, -0.938 7*, -0.930 5*, -0.935 4* in seeding period and -0.913 7*, -0.913 5*, -0.915 0*, -0.917 3* in havesting period. The treatment of higher organic fertilizer with lower Hg is of best restraining effect, in seeding period reaching to 58.94%, in harvesting period to 62.29%. Applying organic fertilizer affected directly content of available Hg in soils and winter wheat to absorb Hg in soils. Relationships between amount of applied organic fertilizer and contents of Hg in wheat root and stem/leaf were negative correlated significantly under lower Hg levels(Hg1, Hg2)in seeding period, but were not under higher Hg levels(Hg3, Hg4). Under all of Hg levels in havesting period, the relationships between amount of applied organic fertilizer and contents of Hg in wheat root, stem/leaf and seed were negative correlatedsignificantly, specially at lowest Hg level. Applying organic fertilizer almost eliminated Hg from soil to wheat seed. The distribution regular of contents of Hg in wheat organs was that root>stem/leaf>seed.
