作 者：
张强;魏钦平;齐鸿雁;王小伟;黄武仁;刘军
单 位：
北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所;中国科学院生态环境研究中心
摘 要：
为了探明北京地区主要果树的肥力水平,此研究应用田间土壤取样方法,对苹果、梨、桃和葡萄三种不同产量品质水平(高、中、低)果园的土壤理化性状、营养水平和微生物种群数量进行分析。结果表明:土壤容重1.06～1.64g/cm3,不同树种差异不显著;土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)81.47～238.83mmol/kg,苹果、桃、葡萄园显著高于梨园,同一树种的高(H)、中(M)型果园均高于低(L)型园;土壤pH在6.45～8.55间;有机质含量7.34～19.50g/kg,不同树种差异不显著,同一树种的H园高于M、L园;全氮0.41～1.09g/kg,苹果、桃和葡萄园显著高于梨园,同一树种H园高于M、L园;速效磷14.54～185.50mg/kg,速效钾99.77～267.50mg/kg,不同树种及不同类型果园间差异均不显著;有效铁、锌和硼含量分别为4.78～33.42mg/kg、0.97～10.54mg/kg、0.19～0.58mg/kg。4种果园的土壤微生物总量为0.45×107～1.23×107cfu/g,其中苹果园最高,梨园最低;微生物种群中细菌数量占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌最少。不同树种果园土壤营养水平(Pi)顺序为苹果(0.71)>葡萄(0.58)>桃(0.54)>梨(0.31),同一树种为H>M>L。综合分析,北京果园土壤营养和微生物种群总体状况为土壤pH偏高,有机质和全氮缺乏,磷钾比偏高,有效硼不足,土壤微生物总量偏少等,这为北京果园土壤改良提供了基本理论依据。
译 名：
Survey and Analysis on Nutrient Level and Microorganism Population of Orchard Soil in Beijing Suburb
作 者：
Zhang Qiang1,Wei Qinping1,Qi Hongyan2,Wang Xiaowei1,Huang Wuren2,Liu Jun1(1Institute of Forestry&Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100093;2Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085)
关键词：
orchard,soil nutrient,microorganism population
摘 要：
In order to prove up the soil fertility level of orchards in Beijing suburb,soil samples were collected to analyze the soil physi-chemical properties and microbial populations in three levels of yield and quality of apple,pear,peach and grape orchards(H,M,L).The results showed that soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity(CEC) and pH were 1.06-1.64 g/cm3,81.47-238.83 mmol/kg and 6.45-8.55,respectively.There was no significant difference among different fruit trees for soil bulk density.However the CEC values of apple,peach and grape orchards were significantly higher than pear ones,and H and M orchards were higher than L's in the same fruit trees species.Soil organic matter(SOM) was between 7.34 g/kg and 19.50 g/kg,with no significant difference among the different fruit trees.But the H orchard was higher than M's and L's in the same fruit trees species.Total nitrogen(N) content of all orchards were between 0.41 g/kg and 1.09 g/kg,but apple,peach and grape orchards were significantly higher than pear's,and H orchard was higher than M's and L's in the same fruit trees species.Soil available phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) were 14.54-185.50 mg/kg and 99.77～267.50 mg/kg,respectively.There was no significant difference as in the different fruit trees as in the different levels orchards.The soil available iron(Fe),zinc(Zn) and boron(B) content of four fruit trees was 0.45×107-1.23×107 cfu/g,and apple orchard's was the highest whereas were 4.78-33.42 mg/kg,0.97-10.54 mg/kg and 0.19-0.58 mg/kg,respectively.Total quantity of microbial community of four fruit species was 0.45×107-1.23×107 cfu/g,and apple orchard's was the highest whereas the pear's was the lowest.The quantity of bacteria was dominant,followed by actinomyces,and then fungi.Soil nutrient index(Pi) of apple,grape,peach and pear were 0.71,0.58,0.54 and 0.31 in order.The order of Pi in the same fruit tree orchard was H>M>L.By synthetically analysis,the results of soil nutrient level and microorganism population of orchards were with high pH,low SOM and low total N,high P/K ratio,lack of available B,less quantity of soil microorganism in Beijing suburb.The basicresearch of soil may provide of applied practice for soil fertility improvement of Beijing orchards.
