作 者：
薛进军;田自武;崔美香;刘贵巧;刘子英;赵志军;杨青琴;马幸幸
关键词：
苹果;铁营养;铁肥;管道输液滴干;叶片光合性能
摘 要：
【目的】通过铁肥管道输液滴干,探索防止苹果缺铁失绿症和提高果实铁含量的途径。【方法】将Fe-N通过管道、滴头直接插入苹果树干,测定不同器官的全铁、活性铁含量,叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),百叶重、百叶厚、叶绿素荧光、SPAD与活性铁的相关性。【结果】16.4×10-3mol·L-1N-Fe处理的叶片SPAD值(57.43)、百叶重(66.57 g)、百叶厚(5.90 cm)、全铁(788.9 mg·kg-1)及活性铁(526.5 mg·kg-1)含量显著高于对照,光能转化率和不同器官的活性铁含量也以16.4×10-3mol·L-1处理最高,所有铁处理果实中的铁含量都显著高于对照。叶片SPAD值与活性铁含量显著正相关(相关系数0.899)。【结论】铁肥管道输液滴干可以防止苹果缺铁失绿症,并显著提高果实铁含量,提高叶片光合性能,可以通过SPAD值折算叶片活性铁含量。
译 名：
Effect of iron fertilization through pipe transfusion to trunk on iron nutrition in apple
作 者：
XUE Jinjun;TIAN Ziwu;CUI Meixiang;LIU Guiqiao;LIU Ziying;ZHAO Zhijun;YANG Qingqin;MA Xingxing;Hebei University of Engineering;Guangxi University;
单 位：
Hebei University of Engineering
关键词：
Apple;;Fe nutrition;;Fe fertilizer;;Trunk transfusion;;Leaf photosynthetic performance
摘 要：
【Objective】Iron deficiency chlorosis is still causing huge losses to crop yield and quality in calcareous soils. The correction methods using iron fertilizer include soil application, spraying, injection and so on, but there are still some problems. Therefore, exploring new ways of the iron fertilization to improve apple iron nutrition is needed.【Methods】The container for holding iron fertilizer solution was a tank made of bricks. The main pipe was a PVC pipe, and the branch pipes were made from PE. The soft capillary pipes had an internal diameter of 0.4 mm. One end of the capillary pipes was inserted into the branch pipe, and the other end connected to a dripper with a flow rate of 2 L·h-1 that was inserted into the trunk,with one dripper per tree. The iron fertilizer used was Fe-N. The contents of the total iron and active iron in leaves, flowers, xylem and phloem of new shoots and fruits were measured; relative content of chlorophylls(SPAD value), leaf weight, leaf thickness, and chlorophyll fluorescence were determined; and the correlation between SPAD and active iron was analyzed.【Results】Leaf SPAD values increased significantly and the leaves showed no symptom of chlorosis after infusion with iron fertilizer. The leaf SPAD values,leaf weight, leaf thickness, and the contents of total iron and active iron in the treatment with 16.4 ×10-3 mol·L-1 N-Fe(T1) were significantly higher than those in control. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves were affected by drip transfusion with different concentrations of Fe-N solution. Among them, the relative rate of electron transfer(ETR), ΦPSII, the actual quantum yield(Yield), PS potential activity of(Fv/F0), maximal fluorescence yield(Fm), the primary energy conversion efficiency of PS II(Fv/Fm)were higher in T1 than in the control. The total iron content in the shoot xylem had no significant difference between treatment and control, but the active iron content in T1 was significantly higher than the other treatments. The active Fe contents in the phloem in T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that in the control. The contents of total iron and active iron in the flower were significantly increased by iron treatments at the three concentrations, and so were those in the fruit. The leaf SPAD value was positively correlated with active iron content.【Conclusion】Iron fertilization through the pipe infusion to the trunk not only prevents leaf chlorosis but also significantly increases the iron content in the fruit and improves fruit quality. This method of iron fertilization has significant advantages such as high utilization efficiency of iron fertilizer, simple operation, and labor saving, and is currently the best iron fertilizer application method. The active iron content in apple flowers and in the phloem can be used to predict chlorosis incidence caused by iron deficiency, thus iron fertilizer can be applied in time to prevent the disorder. The good correlation between leaf SPAD value and the content of active iron makes it possible to estimate the active iron content in leaves with SPAD value.
