单 位：
伊犁师范学院化学与生物科学学院;中国农业大学资源与环境学院
关键词：
有机肥;有机大豆;杂草群落;多样性;产量
摘 要：
对不同有机肥施肥水平下新疆伊犁有机大豆田的杂草发生种类、发生量、群落多样性及大豆产量等进行研究与分析。结果表明:有机大豆生育期内共发生杂草10科16种,以双子叶、一年生杂草为主要发生类型。处理N180(纯N 180 kg·hm-2)、N120(纯N 120 kg·hm-2)、N60(纯N 60 kg·hm-2)与对照N0(纯N 0 kg·hm-2)相比,其发生的杂草种类基本一致;全生育期内4种处理杂草的发生量差异不显著(P<0.05),对其杂草发生量未有影响。苗期和花期,4种处理杂草的群落结构基本一致,均以反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Peterm)和灰黎(Chenopodium album L.)3种杂草为优势种,但其优势度或高或低;成熟期,N180、N120处理的杂草群落优势种与苗期、花期的基本一致,N60处理的优势种为反枝苋、无芒稗和稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.);对照的优势种则变为反枝苋、灰黎和稗。4种处理对其杂草群落的丰富度均随采样次数而下降,但对其杂草群落多样性和均匀度未有影响,且对其杂草群落的共有种与相似度表现的随机性比较强。从成本和增产效果等综合因素考虑分析,N120处理的成本相对较低,增产效果较佳。
译 名：
Effects of Different Fertilizer Levels on Weed Community and Crop Yield in Organic Soybean Field in Ili Prefecture
作 者：
JIAO Zi-wei;ZHANG Xiang-feng;SHANG Tian-cui;DONG Ming;GUO Yan-bin;College of Chemistry and Biological Sciences,Ili Normal University;College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University;
关键词：
Manure;;Organic soybean;;Weed community;;Biodiversity;;Production
摘 要：
In this article,we analyzed weed species,density,community structure,diversity and crop yield of soybean farmland under different fertilizer levels in Ili prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Total of 10 families and 16 species of weeds were observed in the growth stages of organic soybean field,and the dicotyledonous and annual weed was the main type.Endogen weed of total 16-kind weeds had 3 species,which was all for gramineous weeds and accounted for 19% in all weeds;Dicotyledonous weed had 13 species,and accounted for 81% in all weeds. Treatment N180( pure N 180 kg·ha- 1),treatment N120( pure N 120 kg·ha- 1),and treatment N60( pure N 60 kg·ha- 1),compared to control N0( pure N 0 kg·ha- 1),weed species were basically identical,the number of weeds were not significantly different and had no influence under the four treatments. The community structure of farmland weeds was basically identical,and the dominant species of organic soybean field in seedling and flowering stage were Amaranthus retroflexus L.,Echinochloa crusgalli( L.) Beauv. var. mitis( Pursh)Peterm and Chenopodium album L. under the four different fertilizer treatments,but the dominance of weed species was high or low. The dominant weed species in mature period were basic consistent with the seedling and flowering stage between treatment N180 and treatment N120,the dominant weed species of treatment N60 were Amaranthus retroflexus L.,Echinochloa crusgalli( L.) Beauv. var. mitis( Pursh) Peterm and Echinochloa crusgalli( L.) Beauv.,but the dominant weed species of treatment control N0 changed to Amaranthus retroflexus L.,Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crusgalli( L.) Beauv..The change trend of abundance,Shannon-Wienner index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson index of different fertilizer treatment was basically consistent. The weed community richness of organic soybean field of the different fertilizer treatment decreased with sampling frequency,but the species diversity and evenness of weed community had no influence,and the randomness enbodied by common kind and similarity of weed community was stronger. Based on the analysis of the factors about cost,increasing production effect and so on,although the soybean yield of treatment N180 was the highest,the economic cost was the highest; the cost of treatment N120 was relatively lower,and the effect of increase production was better.
