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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同施钾量对苜蓿碳水化合物含量及抗蓟马的影响 草业学报 2016,25 (10) 153-162
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of potassium application rates on carbohydrate content and resistance to thrips(Thripidae)in alfalfa Acta Prataculturae Sinica 2016,25 (10) 153-162

不同施钾量对苜蓿碳水化合物含量及抗蓟马的影响

作  者：
张晓燕;王森山;李小龙;李亚娟;胡桂馨
单  位：
甘肃农业大学草业学院
关键词：
苜蓿;钾元素;蓟马;抗虫性;碳水化合物
摘  要：
为了明确施钾是否能有效提高苜蓿对蓟马的抗性并研究相关生理变化,本试验以感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农3号和抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农9号为材料,设0、6、9、12、15(K2O)g/m~2等5个钾浓度水平,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,评价和测定了不同钾水平处理下苜蓿的受害指数、叶片钾含量、产量、碳水化合物含量;在苜蓿第二茬中,随着钾水平的升高,甘农3号和甘农9号老叶和心叶的钾含量、可溶性糖、淀粉和木质素含量升高,产量显著增加(P<0.05);受害指数均显著降低,且受害指数均在K_2水平下最低,分别较K_0水平降低了47.60%和46.11%;在第三茬中,甘农3号和甘农9号的受害指数、产量、钾含量、可溶性糖、淀粉和木质素含量的变化规律与第二茬相似,受害指数在K_2水平下分别较K_0水平降低了30.78%和23.27%。第二茬和第三茬中,在低于9(K_2O)g/m~2施钾水平下,苜蓿叶片钾含量与受害指数显著负相关(P<0.05);高于12(K_2O)g/m~2水平下,苜蓿叶片钾含量与受害指数无显著相关性(P>0.05)。钾元素可通过提高苜蓿碳水化合物的合成(尤其是可溶性糖和淀粉)及生长性能来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性。施钾后甘农3号的受害指数均低于未施钾甘农9号的受害指数,因此,通过施钾管理来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性是一种有效的措施。9(K_2O)g/m~2是本试验中最经济有效的施肥量。
译  名：
Effects of potassium application rates on carbohydrate content and resistance to thrips(Thripidae)in alfalfa
作  者：
ZHANG Xiao-Yan;WANG Sen-Shan;LI Xiao-Long;LI Ya-Juan;HU Gui-Xin;Gansu Agricultural University,College of Pratacultural Science;Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability;
关键词：
Medicago sativa;;potassium;;thrips;;insect resistance;;carbohydrate
摘  要：
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium on alfalfa growth and its resistance to thrips.Two alfalfa varieties were chosen for the study;Gannong No.9(thrip-resistant)and Gannong No.3(thrip-susceptible).Potassium(K_2O)was applied to field-grown plants at five different levels(0,6,9,12,and 15g/m~2)during the peak thrip damage period,and then the damage index,the potassium and carbohydrate contents in leaves,and yield were evaluated.The results showed that the yields of both alfalfa varieties increased significantly with increasing K_2O levels.The potassium,soluble sugars,starch,and lignin contents in old and heart leaves increased with increasing K_2O levels,and the thrip damage index decreased significantly.The lowest damage index values were in the 9g/m~2K_2O treatment(decreased 47.60% and 46.11% for Gannong No.9and Gannong No.3with the control,respectively).The damage index,yield,and potassium,soluble sugars,starch,and lignin contents at the second cutting showed similar trends to those at the third cut-ting.The damage index at the third cutting was decreased 30.78% and 23.27% for Gannong No.9and Gannong No.3with the control,respectively.Correlation analyses indicated that the potassium content of plants at the second and third cuttings was significantly negatively correlated with the damage index when the K_2O application rate was lower than 9g/m~2,but not significantly correlated with the damage index when the K_2O application rate was higher than 12g/m~2.The damage index was lower in Gannong No.3treated with potassium than in Gannong No.9without potassium application.These results indicate that potassium can enhance the resistance of alfalfa to thrips by promoting the synthesis of carbohydrates(especially soluble sugars and starch)and plant growth.Therefore,potassium management is an effective method to increase the tolerance of alfalfa to thrips in the field.The most economical fertilizer application rate was 9g K_2O/m~2 in this experiment.

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