作 者：
何旺;孙军利;赵宝龙;章智钧;刘连玲;潘立忠;常心怡
关键词：
'赤霞珠'葡萄;抗性砧木;白藜芦醇;酶活性;果皮和种子
摘 要：
[目的]研究不同砧木的'赤霞珠'葡萄果实中白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)含量及相关酶活性,为北疆地区筛选Res含量较高的赤霞珠砧穗组合提供理论依据.[方法]采用'赤霞珠'(Cabernet Sauvignon,CS)自根苗(CK)为对照,以'3309C''1103P''140R''SO4''5C'5种抗性砧木嫁接'赤霞珠'为处理组合.对'赤霞珠'葡萄转色期至成熟期果皮和种子中Res含量及相关酶活性进行动态测定,相关酶包括苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase,C4H)、4-香豆酸-辅酶A连接酶(4-coumarate CoA ligase,4CL)、丙二酰辅酶A(Malonly-CoA,COA)和4-香豆酰辅酶A(4-coumaroyl-CoA,4CA).[结果]砧木对砧穗葡萄果实中Res含量及其相关酶活性会产生一定影响,在各砧穗组合中,CS/140R、CS/SO4、CS/5C果皮与种子中Res含量与对照相比均显著增加,其中CS/140R组合在种子与果皮中Res含量均最高;而CS/1103P和CS/3309C组合与对照相比则无显著性差异;各砧木均不同程度地提高赤霞珠葡萄果实内PAL、C4H、4CL、COA、4CA活性,其中'140R'可显著提高各个酶活性,并在种子与果皮中其活性均显著高于其他砧穗组合;对5种酶活性与Res含量相关性分析后发现,这5种酶活性与Res含量均呈正显著相关水平,其中COA、4CA活性与Res含量相关系数最大.[结论]与自根苗相比,抗性砧木可以提高'赤霞珠'葡萄种子与果皮内Res含量及其合成相关酶活性,CS/140R组合对提高'赤霞珠'葡萄种子和果皮中Res含量和PAL、C4H、4CL、COA、4CA活性明显优于其他处理.
作 者：
HE Wang;SUN Junli;ZHAO Baolong;ZHANG Zhijun;LIU Lianling;PAN Lizhong;CHANG Xinyi;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization;The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecoagriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps;
关键词：
‘Cabernet Sauvignon'grape;;Resistant rootstock;;Resveratrol;;Enzymatic activity;;Skin and seed
摘 要：
【Objective】Xinjiang is the largest wine production region in western China. Cabernet Sauvignon(CS), as a wine-making variety, has continued to expand in Xinjiang. However, due to the adverse ecological environment in Xinjiang, it often suffers from salinity, drought, high and low temperatures and other adverse factors that reduce the quality of the berry. Resveratrol(Res) is a kind of non-flavonoid polyphenol compound with astragalus structure, which has been found in 72 species including grape, giant knotweed, peanut, mulberry and so on. It has physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, cardiovascular protection, anti-cancer and anti-aging. This study analyzed the changes in resveratrol and related enzyme activities in Cabernet Sauvignon grape grafted on different rootstocks during berry development and their relationships in order to select scion-rootstock combinations with high resveratrol content for northern Xinjiang.【Methods】Five resistant rootstocks(3309 C, 1103 P, 140 R, SO4 and 5 C) were all from Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The scion was Cabernet Sauvignon 169(CS). The rootstock-scion combinations included CS/3309 C,CS/1103 P, CS/140 R, CS/SO4 and CS/5 C. The self-rooted Cabernet Sauvignon plants were regarded as the control. The experimental rootstock combinations were planted in the experimental field by hardwood grafting in 2015, and samples were taken at four stages at interval of 15 days(8-10, 8-25, 9-10, 9-25) from color-break stage(August 10) until the fruit was fully ripe(September 25) in 2018. Five clusters of fruit were randomly selected for each treatment, and the skin and seeds were accurately separated after mixing evenly. 0.3 g of each sample was weighed and repeated 5 times. The samples were stored in a freezer at-80 C after quick freezing with liquid nitrogen. The Res content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase(C4 H), 4-coumarate CoA ligase(4 CL), Malonly-CoA(COA) and 4-coumaroyl-CoA(4 CA) in skins and seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were determined. The Res content and the activities of PAL, C4 H, 4 CL, COA and 4 CA in the skins and seeds were analyzed. The pattern of change was observed in each period, and the correlations between Res content and related enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】The results of this study indicated that the rootstock had an effect on the Res content and its related enzyme activities. The contents of Res in CS/140 R, CS/SO4 and CS/5 C skins and seed were higher compared with CK. Among them, the CS/140 R combination had the highest Res content, while the CS/1103 P and CS/3309 C combinations had no significant difference compared with CK. Rootstocks could significantly increase the activities of Res synthesis-related enzymes. Compared with CK, 140 R significantly increased the activities of all the enzymes, which were significantly higher than the other rootstock combinations. Compared with the control, SO4 significantly increased the activities of PAL, 4 CA and COA in the skins and seeds; 3309 C significantly increased the activities of PAL and 4 CL in seeds; 1103 P significantly increased the activities of PAL, C4 H and PAL in the skin. The activities of PAL, C4 H and 4 CL in the seeds and skins of 5 C rootstock were lower, and only 4 CA and COA activities were higher, but the content of Res in the skins was higher, which may be related to the influence of 4 CA and COA on Res synthesis. The correlation analysis between the activities of PAL, C4 H, 4 CL, COA and 4 CA and Res content showed that there was a significant correlation between the activities of these five enzymes and Res content in seeds and skins, and the correlation coefficients between the activities of COA and 4 CA and Res content were the largest.【Conclusion】It is concluded that compared with self-rooted seedlings, the resistant rootstocks could increase Res contents in CS grape seeds and skins and the activities of key enzymes involved in its synthesis. The combination of CS/140 R significantly improved the Res content and COA and 4 CA activities in the seeds and skins of Cabernet Sauvignon grape.
