关键词：
免耕播种;成穴机构;被动滚筒;运动学分析;仿真
摘 要：
针对传统免耕播种机在作业时需对秸秆及残茬进行剪切或移除,从而存在对切割部件性能要求高、功耗大、扬尘以及秸秆缠绕堵塞等问题,研究一种滚筒穴式免耕播种成穴机构,实现在不对地表覆盖物进行任何专门处理的情况下穿透成穴。核心机构由鸭嘴滚轮排种装置和由其鸭嘴驱动的被动式滚筒组成,二者处于内相切关系。转动的滚筒将秸秆碾压成一薄层,鸭嘴从滚筒内伸出并穿透这一秸秆薄层后进行成穴并投放种子。基于运动学分析,建立鸭嘴驱动角φ、鸭嘴助力角α、鸭嘴滚轮排种装置的角速度ω0、滚筒角速度ω1之间的数学模型。对于100 mm整数倍株距的播种情况,运用Matlab(Matrix laboratory)图像处理模块对方程进行分析,以结构及工作要求为约束条件,以滚筒转速波动平缓为主要衡量指标,结构紧凑为辅助衡量指标,优化得出鸭嘴滚轮排种装置半径为200 mm,滚筒半径为400 mm,鸭嘴助力角α为23°,初始驱动角φ为31°,进一步的几何分析计算得出滚筒上设置的驱动孔个数为23个,尺寸为84 mm×32 mm。运用CATIA进行数字样机运动仿真,分析滚筒在鸭嘴驱动下实际情况和角速度的变化规律,验证了理论分析。样机试验表明被动滚筒式免耕播种成穴机构满足设计要求,工作过程简单可靠,为免耕播种提供了一种有效的技术手段。
译 名：
Design and Experiment on Passive Drum-type No-till Planter Cavitation Mechanism
作 者：
LIU Hongxin;WEN Haonan;GAI Guangwei;TANG Shifa;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University;
关键词：
no-till planting;;cavitation mechanism;;passive roller;;kinematics analysis;;simulation
摘 要：
For the traditional no-tillage planter,the straw and stubble could be cut or removed in the operation,so there was still high quality of performance requirements for cutting components,large power consumption,dust pollution and twining of straw and other issues. A kind of hill-mechanisms of no-tillage seeding was studied,which could penetrate the obstacles and then the hole was formed without any special treatment to the covering of surface. The key mechanism consisted of a duckbill type of roller seeding device and a passive roller driven by its own duckbill,both of which were in internal tangential relationship. The straw was rolled into a thin layer by the rotating drum,and then the duckbill reached and passed through the thin layer of straw to form a hole and accomplish seeding. Based on the kinematics analysis,the mathematical model among the drive angle( φ) of the duckbill,the power angle( α) of the duckbill,the angular velocity( ω0) of duckbill type of roller seeding device and the angular velocity( ω1) of the drum was established. According to the seeding condition that the spacing must be integral multiple of 100 mm,the Matlab( matrix laboratory) image processing module was used to analyze the equation of the models,and the structure and work requirements were chosen as the constraints,the speed fluctuation of rotating drum was selected as the main measure index and the compact condition of structure as the auxiliary measure index, thus optimized to obtain the optimal combination of the parameters: the radius of the duckbill wheel seeding device was 200 mm,the radius of the rotating roller was 400 mm,the power angle of the duckbill( α) was 23°,and the initial driving angle( φ) was 31°,then the number of driving holes of the rotating drum was calculated as 23,the size of which was 84 mm × 32 mm by the method of further geometric analysis. Using CATIA to do digital prototype motionsimulation,the practical situation and the change rule of angular velocity when the rotating drum under the action of the duckbill were analyzed,therefore the theoretical analysis was verified. The prototype test showed that the passive roller type of no-till planter hill-mechanism could meet the design requirements,it was simple and reliable in working process and it was also an effective technical choice for no-tillage seeding.
