单 位：
贵州省水土保持技术咨询研究中心;贵州大学林学院
关键词：
水土保持学;喀斯特;小流域;植被措施;减沙
摘 要：
贵州位于中国西南喀斯特地区的中心,是全国水土流失最为严重的省份之一,而喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱,土层浅薄,极容易发生水土流失。为了揭示喀斯特小流域不同植被措施减沙功能,在贵州省平坝县典型喀斯特区凯掌小流域野外径流小区定位监测的基础上,根据小流域2010-2012年4个坡面径流小区的定位观测资料,采用单因素完全随机设计方法研究在水土保持林(柏树Cupressus funebris),经济林(茶树Camellia sinensis),坡耕地(玉米Zea mays)和撂荒草地4种不同植被措施下径流小区的产沙特性,探索不同植被措施下径流小区产沙量的差异。结果表明:水土保持林与经济林差异不显著(P=0.754>0.05),与坡耕地差异显著(P=0.022<0.05),与撂荒地差异显著(P=0.008<0.05);经济林与坡耕地差异显著(P=0.046<0.05),撂荒地差异显著(P=0.003<0.05);坡耕地与撂荒地差异显著(P=0.000<0.05)。年平均产沙量最少为撂荒地29.57 g·a~(-1);最多为坡耕地1 436.59 g·a~(-1);水土保持林与经济林相差不大,分别为789.12 g·a~(-1)和876.55 g·a~(-1)。不同措施减沙功能排序为:撂荒地>水土保持林>经济林>坡耕地。在喀斯特地区,撂荒地减沙功能最好,而坡耕地是水土流失严重。
译 名：
Sediment reduction with different vegetation types for the Kaizhang small watershed in a karst area
作 者：
LI Hualin;GAO Huaduan;YANG Tao;GAO Ruxue;SUN Quanzhong;Forestry College, Guizhou University;Soil and Water Conservation Technical Consulting and Research Center of Guizhou Province;
关键词：
soil and water conservation;;karst area;;small watershed;;vegetation measures;;sediment reduction
摘 要：
Located in the center of the karst area in southwest China, Guizhou is one of the most serious soil erosion provinces in the westward, while ecological environment of karst area is fragile, shallow soil layer, extremely prone to soil erosion. Therefore, to reveal the function of sediment reduction with different vegetation measures for a small watershed in a karst area, fixed runoff plots for outdoor use were monitored in the Kaizhang small watershed of Pingba County, Guizhou Province. Experiment had adopted one-factor completely random design, according to fixed observations, data in four slope runoff plots of four different vegetation types[water conservation forest(cypress: Cupressus funebris), economic forest(tea tree: Camellia sinensis), sloping farmland(corn: Zea mays), and abandoned grassland] in the small watershed were studied from 2010 to 2012 to determine the effect of runoff on sediment characteristics as well as the sediment yield differences. Results showed significant differences for the water conservation forest and sloping farmland(P = 0.022<0.05), the water conservation forest and abandoned farmland(P = 0.008<0.05), the economic forest and sloping farmland(P = 0.046<0.05), the economic forest and abandoned farmland(P = 0.003<0.05), and sloping farmland and abandoned farmland(P = 0.000<0.05), but there are no significant difference between the conservation forest and economic forest(P = 0.754>0.05). The average annual sediment yield was least on abandoned farmland(29.57 g·a~(-1)) and greatest on sloping farmland(1 436.59 g·a~(-1); the average annual sediment yield in the water conservation forest(789.12 g·a~(-1)) and the economic forest(876.55 g·a~(-1)) were similar. The ranking of different measures for the sediment reduction function was: abandoned land > water conservation forest >economic forest > sloping farmland. The sediment reduction function of the abandoned grassland is best, but the soil erosion of sloping farmland is serious.
