DNA条形码技术在林业科学研究中的应用
作 者：
刘娟;胡冬南;周增亮;刘爽;万松泽
单 位：
江西农业大学江西特色林木资源培育与利用协同创新中心
关键词：
条形码数据库;生物多样性监测;林业发展;森林生态;林业可持续发展
摘 要：
DNA条形码是利用生物体内普遍存在的一个或几个、较短的且标准化的基因片段作为通用片段,通过碱基序列差异来实现物种水平准确鉴定的工具.相对于传统的分类学,DNA条形码技术具有不依赖形态特征和发育阶段、鉴定数字化、快速准确、操作简单规范等优势.已成功应用在生物多样性监控、海关、中药材真伪鉴定、法医鉴定、动植物检疫、生物入侵、食品和药物市场监督等诸多领域.经过15年时间发展,DNA条形码研究已基本确定针对不同生物类群使用不同的通用片段,同时构建了标准的全球生命条形码数字化数据库.目前DNA条形码研究主要集中在如何提高近缘类群物种分辨率和构建区域条形码数据库两个方向.在林业科学研究中,DNA条形码在木材识别、森林群落生态和生物多样性监控与评估等领域发展迅猛,但同时也面临一些问题,如木材DNA降解、整条片段的扩增等,需要在条形码片段选择、数据库构建、数据库与高通量测序技术结合、分析方法改进等进一步深入研究.未来DNA条形码将在林业资源评价、保护和可持续利用等方向具有广阔的应用前景.
作 者：
LIU Juan;HU Dong-nan;ZHOU Zeng-liang;LIU Shuang;WAN Song-ze;Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University;
单 位：
LIU Juan%HU Dong-nan%ZHOU Zeng-liang%LIU Shuang%WAN Song-ze%Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University
关键词：
DNA barcoding library;;biodiversity monitoring;;forest ecology;;sustainable forestry development
摘 要：
DNA barcoding involves one or a few standardized short DNA segments to discriminate species. Comparing with the traditional methods, DNA barcoding has some advantages such as expanding species diagnoses to cover all the life stages of an organism, digitized discriminating process, quick and highly precise, requiring less taxonomic experience to discover a new species. DNA barcoding is now being widely utilized in biological sciences, including species identification in biodiversity monitoring, biological invasion, forensic contexts, food and medicinal market. After fifteen years of development, the researchers have achieved consensus on standard DNA barcodes in animal, plants and fungi, and has constructed the global DNA barcoding library. Now the evaluation of DNA barcoding has typically focused on two different perspectives. One is to improve the ability to distinguish closely related species, the other is to construct local DNA barcoding library in order to expand applications of DNA barcoding. For the forestry, DNA barcoding has gained adoption in a set of diverse applied contexts, including wood identification, community ecology and biodiversity monitoring, but there still are several challenges, for example, woody sample degradation and the amplification of the whole barcode. And proceeding barcoding studies in forestry needs to concern on the choice of barcodes, the construction of barcoding library for woody species, the method of data analysis and the combination with next generation sequencing. In the future, DNA barcoding will play a key role in the evaluation, protection and sustainable development of forestry resources.
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