单 位：
重庆市土地勘测规划院;四川文理学院管理系
关键词：
农地产权制度;参与式农村评估法;承包经营权入股;农民转市民;承包经营权抵(质)押
摘 要：
基于国家统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的背景,在介绍研究区域概况的基础上,依据实地访谈调查等获取的数据资料,采用参与式农村评估法,结合实例,探讨了重庆市农地产权制度改革创新模式,即承包经营权入股、农民转市民和承包经营权抵(质)押模式。分析了改革中存在的困境。其中,从与现行土地承包法冲突、可能引发新一轮大规模失地、风险转嫁导致政企不分和承包经营权到期后资产处置难4个方面,介绍了承包经营权入股模式存在的困境;从改革具有特殊性、财政压力大、出现夹层人员和村办公司盈利困难4个方面分析了农民转市民模式存在的困境;从抵押范围受限、偿还贷款风险、质押的法律风险3个方面概述了承包经营权抵(质)押模式存在的困境。研究结果表明,承包经营权入股模式虽然显化了土地的资产价值,具有法学和经济学上的理论和现实意义,但由于农民失地后社会保障体系尚未健全,无法获得大范围推广,限制了更多的农民参与和企业规模的扩大;双溪村农民转市民的土地综合改革模式对综合探索农地产权制度改革具有积极意义,但这种模式必须以雄厚的经济实力为前提;承包经营权入股模式对完善承包经营物权权能意义显著,但这种模式与现行的法律法规和金融体制不符。
译 名：
Study on Reform practice of Farmland Property Rights in Chongqing
作 者：
ZHENG Cai-gui et al (Chongqing Institute of Surveying and Planning for Land,Chongqing 400020)
关键词：
Farmland property rights;Participatory rural appraisal method;Stock purchasing of contractual management rights;Changing peasant to citizen;Mortgage of contractual management rights
摘 要：
Based on the background of national urban and rural comprehensive reform pilot area,the introduction of the profiles of research region and the data obtained by on-the-spot interview survey,the innovative models of farmland property rights system reform in Chongqing are introduced by applying participatory rural appraisal methods and examples.The innovative models cover buying shares of contract management rights,transforming from rural residents to urban residents and mortgaging contract management rights.The plights exist in the reform are analyzed,among which the plights of buying shares of contract management rights are introduced from the following five aspects:the conflict with the present land contract laws,the possible new round of massive scale land loses,the confounded functions of government and enterprise caused by risk transference and the difficulties of handling assets when the contract management rights expired.Besides,the plights of the transforming from rural residents to urban residents are analyzed from four aspects,which include the particularity of reform,high financial pressure,emergence of interbedded people and difficulties of payoff of village-based companies.From the facets of limited mortgage area,risks of reimbursing the loan,legal risks of mortgage.The results show that the stock purchasing model of contractual management rights reveals the capital value of land and it is of theoretical and practical significance in law and economics.However,the social security system is not perfect,so the stock purchasing model of contractual management rights can not be expended.In addition,the participation of more famers and the expansion of enterprises are limited.The land comprehensive reform model of transforming from rural residents to urban residents is of positive significance to the comprehensive exploration of farmland property system reform,but this kind of model should based on strong economy.The stock purchasing model of contractual management rights is of significance to perfect the contractual management rights,but it is conflict with the existing laws and financial systems.
