单 位：
石河子大学/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室;石河子气象局
关键词：
沙漠增温效应;北疆棉区;低温冷害;趋利避害
摘 要：
由于沙漠增温效应的良好作用,北疆沿天山一带的中、西部绿洲农区得以发展成世界上最北的棉区。北疆棉区低温冷害表现在4、5月播种——出苗时期及7、8月开花——结铃时期,尤以后者危害更大。冷害主要发生在温度原本不高、但又首先遭遇入境强冷湿气流的北疆棉区,是北疆棉区最大的农业气象灾害,急需加强研究。目前总结出的克服办法应遵循趋利避害原则,开花—结铃时期的冷害以筛选、选育抵御冷害能力较强的早熟、丰产品种,建立包含有抵御冷害的新技术体系;播种—出苗时期的冷害以当地气候、土壤特点采用适期早播,育苗移栽杂交棉,实施相应农业措施等,减轻、避免冷害。
译 名：
Preliminary Analysis and Countermeasures of Chiling Damage to Cotton in the North of Xinjiang
作 者：
LAI Xian-qi1,LIU Yue-Lan1,XU La-mei2,GUO Jin-Qiang2 (1.Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihhotze Xinjiang 832003,China;2.Shihhotze Meteorological Bureau,Shihhotze Xinjiang 832000,China)
关键词：
improving temperature effect of desert;cotton region in northern Xinjiang;chilling temperature and cold damage;seek advantages and avoid disadvantages
摘 要：
As a result of the rising temperature effect of desert,middle and western oasis agricultural region along the Tianshan mountains has become the northern cotton region in the world.At the same time,chilling damage may occur during sowing-emergence stage(April-May)and flowering-bolling stage(July-August) especially the latter,may cause the greatest damage.At present,chilling damage resulting from cold and damp air current with the background of local normal temperature is the most serious meteorological disaster in northern Xinjiang.Countermeasures should be taken to overcome the chilling damage.During flowering-bolling stage,early-matured and high-yied cotton cultivar should be selected,and then coupled with relevant agronomy measures establish a new technical system resisting cold climate;Suitable time for planting should be chosen according to the local climate and soil features during sowing-emergence stage,thus advantages can be seeked and disadvantages can be avoided during the cotton growth.
