摘 要：
光伏电站建设过程中对原地表的挖填、堆弃、碾压,不可避免地破坏了建设区域的土壤环境、干扰了植被的正常生长。由对甘肃河西走廊荒漠戈壁区6个已建光伏电站环境的监测与调查研究可知:1)光伏板间扰动区域与光伏电站外未扰动区域土壤的p H值、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、有效磷质量分数差异不大,说明扰动对土壤养分的影响不明显。2)光伏电站在建设过程中对原有植被和地表结皮破坏较大,地表结皮的破坏加剧水土流失和扬尘,甚至引发沙尘暴。植被的破坏降低了植被的覆盖率,引起了生态环境的恶化和植物种群多样性的减少。3)运行期间光伏面板作为集流面可收集雨水和清洗光伏面板的弃水,增加了光伏面板间扰动土地的土壤含水率,加之其遮荫作用降低了地表蒸发,有利于植被恢复。4)光伏电站建设中建议优先选用光电转化效率高的光伏组件,在地质条件许可的前提下支架基础选用螺旋钢管桩基础,以减小对地表的扰动范围和强度。
译 名：
Influence of photovoltaic power station engineering on soil and vegetation:Taking the Gobi Desert Area in the Hexi corridor of Gansu as an example
作 者：
ZHOU Maorong;WANG Xijun;Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Gansu;
单 位：
ZHOU Maorong%WANG Xijun%Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Gansu
关键词：
photovoltaic power station;;soil and vegetation;;influence;;the Gobi Desert Area
摘 要：
[Background] During the construction of photovoltaic electric field, the excavation,dumping and rolling of the original surface inevitably destroy the soil and vegetation of the construction area. Through the study on the disturbance of soil environment and vegetation caused by the construction of photovoltaic power station,this paper tried to provide technical support for the ecological protection during the construction of photovoltaic power plant in the Gobi Desert Area in the Hexi corridor of Gansu.[Methods]The study took 6 typical photovoltaic power stations in Wuwei,Zhangye and Jiayuguan cities from east to west in the Gobi Desert Area in the Hexi corridor in Gansu as the research object. The disturbances of photovoltaic power station construction on soil environment and vegetation were studied by using the methods of field observation,inspection,and soil and water conservation monitoring data.[Results] 1) There was little difference in soil pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,organic matter and available phosphorus in the disturbed area between photovoltaic panels and the undisturbed area outside the photovoltaic power station,and the disturbance to the influence of soil nutrient was not obvious. 2) During the construction of photovoltaic electric field,the original vegetation and the surface crust were destroyed greatly,and the surface crust was damaged,which aggravated soil erosion and dust,and even caused dust storms. The destruction of vegetation reduced the coverage of vegetation and caused the deterioration of ecological environment and the decrease of plant population diversity. 3) During the operation period,the photovoltaic panel collected rainwater and the abandoned water for cleaning the photovoltaic panel,which increased the soil moisture content of the disturbed land between the photovoltaic panels and was conducive to vegetation restoration. [Conclusions] It is suggested that photovoltaic power station construction should give priority to photovoltaic modules with high photoelectric conversion efficiency,and spiral steel pipe pile foundation should be selected as the support foundation under geological conditions to reduce the disturbance range and intensity to the surface. The consciousness of environmental protection must be established in achieving the civilization construction.
