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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) 2017,45 (5) 123-129+138
Position: Home > Articles > Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feeds and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition) 2017,45 (5) 123-129+138

陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析

作  者：
彭丽;孙勃岩;王权;张增强;朱建春;李荣华
单  位：
西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院
关键词：
规模化养殖场;饲料;畜禽粪便;养分含量;重金属含量;陕西杨凌
摘  要：
【目的】分析杨凌区规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量,为饲料添加剂及畜禽粪便安全利用提供参考。【方法】2014年7月在杨凌区19个不同规模的养殖场采集54个粪便样品和58个饲料样品,参照《土壤农化分析》对样品进行处理,并测定其氮磷钾和重金属含量。【结果】N、P、K和Zn、Ni、Cd、Cu、Pb在饲料中的含量分别为0.19%~5.64%,0.34%~15.63%,1.13%~3.64%和43.65~95.20,3.43~13.71,0.54~1.99,7.86~293.7,3.55~15.84mg/kg;在粪便中的含量分别为0.71%~3.56%,0.43%~7.42%,1.20%~8.93%和0.12~157.7,0.57~14.88,0.15~2.25,2.67~319.3,0.85~18.87mg/kg;粪便中EC为1.09~8.21mS/cm,pH为6.34~10.85。饲料和粪便中重金属元素含量的分布规律均呈现Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd趋势。畜禽粪便中重金属含量和饲料中重金属含量呈正相关关系,饲料是粪便中重金属的主要来源。根据《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078-2001),本研究中饲料Cd含量全部超标,饲料Pb含量部分超标。畜禽粪便中氮磷钾含量基本均高于不同地区的同类家畜粪便,并以钾含量偏高较为显著。与不同年份或地区猪饲料相比较,Zn、Ni、Cd和Cu含量偏低,Pb含量略有偏高。【结论】杨凌区畜禽养殖中饲料添加剂应用相对较为合理,生产饲料和监督管理水平较为严格,畜禽粪便的安全利用潜力较高。
译  名：
Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feeds and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi
作  者：
PENG Li;SUN Boyan;WANG Quan;ZHANG Zengqiang;ZHU Jianchun;LI Ronghua;College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University;College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest A&F University;
关键词：
intensive livestock farm;;feed;;livestock manure;;content of nutrient;;content of heavy metal;;Yangling;;Shaanxi
摘  要：
【Objective】Aiming to provide reference for safe utilization of feed additive and poultry manure,contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feeds and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi Province were studied.【Method】A total of 54 animal manure samples and 58 animal feed samples collected from 19 different intensive livestock farms in Yangling in July 2014 were analyzed according to"analysis of soil agro-chemistry"for the contents of N,P,K,and heavy metals.【Result】The contents of N,P,K,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cu and Pb in animal feeds were 0.19%-5.64%,0.34%-15.63%,1.13%-3.64%,and43.65-95.20,3.43-13.71,0.54-1.99,7.86-293.7,3.55-15.84 mg/kg,respectively.The relatedcontents in manure were 0.71%-3.56%,0.43%-7.42%,1.20%-8.93%,and 0.12-157.7,0.57-14.88,0.15-2.25,2.67-319.3,0.85-18.87mg/kg,respectively.Manure EC ranged from 1.09mS/cm to 8.21mS/cm,and the pH varied from 6.34 to 10.85.The contents of heavy metal were in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd in both animal feed and manure.There was a positive correlation between the heavy metal contents in feed and manure,indicating that heavy metals in feed was the main source of that in manure.Cd contents in all feed samples and Pb in partial samples exceeded the standard hygiene limit in livestock feeds(GB 13078-2001).The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in livestock manure were higher than that in similar livestock manure from different regions,and K content was significantly higher.Contents of Zn,Ni,Cd and Cu in pig feed were lower than those from other areas or countries,while Pb content was slightly higher.【Conclusion】The feed additive utilization and management in Yangling were reasonable,and the livestock and poultry manure had high utilization potential.

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