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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 氮肥减施对稻-麦轮作体系作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响 植物营养与肥料学报 2010,16 (5) 1069-1077
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of reducing N application on crop N uptake,utilization,and soil N balance in rice-wheat rotation system Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers 2010,16 (5) 1069-1077

氮肥减施对稻-麦轮作体系作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响

作  者：
易琼;张秀芝;何萍;杨利;熊桂云
单  位：
湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所;农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室
关键词：
氮肥减施;稻-麦轮作;氮肥利用率;土壤无机氮
摘  要：
田间试验研究了稻-麦轮作体系中减施氮肥对作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,与当地习惯施肥(小麦:N 225 kg/hm2,基肥与分蘖肥各半;水稻:N 210 kg/hm2,基肥和分蘖肥为3∶2)相比,减氮20%～30%处理产量并没有降低,而氮肥当季利用率、氮素农学利用率以及氮素偏因子生产力则有所增加;而且,氮肥分次追施,能增加子粒产量,并减少氮肥成本。虽然减氮20%～30%处理0—40 cm土层无机氮含量较习惯施肥处理降低,但是并没有降低植株地上部对氮素的吸收。在小麦和水稻收获期,减施氮肥处理0—100 cm土壤无机氮残留量低于习惯施肥处理;且稻-麦轮作系统中氮的表观损失主要发生在水稻季。初步认为,在长江中下游平原稻-麦轮作体系氮素过量施用地区,第一个轮作周期减施氮肥20%～30%不仅不影响产量,而且可提高氮素利用率,有利于保护环境。
译  名：
Effects of reducing N application on crop N uptake,utilization,and soil N balance in rice-wheat rotation system
作  者：
YI Qiong1,ZHANG Xiu-zhi1,HE Ping1,YANG Li2,XIONG Gui-yun2 (1 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2 Institution of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilization,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)
关键词：
reducing N application;rice-wheat rotation;N use efficiency;soil mineral N
摘  要：
The effects of reducing N application on plant N uptake,utilization,and soil N balance in rice-wheat rotation system were studied using field experiments.The results show that compared with farmers' practice for N fertilization,N 225 kg/ha for wheat with 1/2 basal and 1/2 topdressing at the tillering stage and N 210 kg/ha for rice with the ratio of 3∶2 for the basal and tillering applications,the grain yields are not decreased under the N application amounts with a reduction by 20%-30%,while the N recovery efficiency,N agronomic efficiency,and N partial factor productivity are increased.Moreover,topdressing N fertilization can increase the grain yields and reduce the cost of the fertilization.Although both soil mineral N content and accumulation are reduced,the N absorptions by crops are not reduced accordingly.There is less residual soil mineral N in 0-100 cm layer at the harvest stages of wheat and rice compared to that of the farmer's practice.In addition,the loss of apparent N in the rice-wheat system is mainly occurred in the rice season.Therefore,it is preliminarily concluded that the reducing N application by 20%-30% is a feasible N management practice under the first rice-wheat rotation system in the middle-lower Yangtze plain with over N fertilization.

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