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Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
2014,35
(4)
403-409
覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦土壤温度和产量的影响
作 者：
陈玉章;柴守玺;范颖丹;程宏波;黄彩霞;谭凯敏;常磊;杨长刚
单 位：
甘肃农业大学工学院/干旱生境国家重点实验室;甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院/干旱生境国家重点实验室;甘肃农业大学农学院/干旱生境国家重点实验室
关键词：
西北雨养农业区;地膜覆盖;秸秆覆盖;土壤温度;冬小麦
摘 要：
为探明西北雨养旱地不同覆盖模式的土壤温度效应及冬小麦籽粒产量特点,利用大田试验研究了夏季覆膜(T11)、秋季覆膜(T12)、上茬旧膜覆盖(T13)、夏季覆膜+麦秆还田(T14)、碎秆夏覆盖(T21)、整秆夏覆盖(T22)和露地对照(CK)对冬小麦农田土壤温度及籽粒产量影响的差异。结果表明,(1)覆膜和秸秆覆盖均有明显增温和降温效应(P<0.05)。与CK相比,二者的增温效应主要集中在拔节前,覆膜增温效果大于秸秆覆盖;拔节后有明显的降温效应,秸秆覆盖降温效果大于覆膜。覆盖处理冬小麦全生育期5~25cm土层平均温度以上茬旧膜(T13)增温最明显,较CK高0.24℃,以碎秆夏覆盖(T21)降温效应最明显,较CK低0.68℃。(2)覆盖的增温效应主要出现在早晨,而降温效应主要在中午和傍晚。(3)覆盖处理可显著提高冬小麦单位面积籽粒产量(5.0%~29.0%,P<0.05),覆膜处理比秸秆覆盖提高幅度更大,覆盖增产的主要原因是明显提高了穗数和千粒重。因此,在西北雨养旱地采用覆盖模式种植对冬小麦生长季土壤温度有明显的调节作用,同时可显著增加冬小麦籽粒产量,以夏季覆膜(T11)籽粒产量最高。
译 名：
Effects of Mulching Models on Soil Temperature and Yield of Winter Wheat in Rainfed Area
作 者：
CHEN Yu-zhang;CHAI Shou-xi;FAN Ying-dan;CHENG Hong-bo;HUANG Cai-xia;TAN Kai-min;CHANG Lei;YANG Chang-gang;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science;Bijie Institute of Agricultural Sciences /Bijie Key Lab of Biotechnology;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science;College of Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University /Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science;
关键词：
Rainfed area in northwest China;;Plastic film mulching;;Straw mulching;;Soil temperature;;Winter wheat
摘 要：
In order to find out the effects of different mulching models on soil temperatures in the 5- 25 cm soil layer and grain yield in a semi-arid rainfed area of northwestern China,the field experiments with different mulching material and time were conducted from October in 2011 to August in 2012.The field experiments was comprised of the following 7 treatments:mulching plastic film applied in summer and soil placed on the top of the film at 1cm deep(T11),similar to T11 but plastic film applied in autumn(T12),reused the old film mulching after the first harvest of winter wheat(T13),the combination of T11 to field-returned wheat straw(T14),mulching 5cm long of wheat straw to the field in summer(T21),mulching whole wheat straw in summer(T22),and an un-mulched control(CK).The results showed that:(1) compared to CK,both plastic mulching and straw mulching increased soil temperatures before the jointing stage of wheat but decreased soil temperatures after the jointing stage(P < 0.05).The increasing magnitude of soil temperature plastic film mulching was greater than straw mulching,whereas the decreasing magnitude of soil temperature was just contrary.Among the mulching treatments evaluated in the study,T13 treatment increased soil temperatures most and higher than CK 0.24℃,whereas T21 decreased most and lower than CK 0.68℃ in 5-25 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of winter wheat.(2) Soil warming effects due to mulching mainly appeared in the morning,but cooling effects were mostly at the noon and at dusk.(3) Compared to CK,any of mulching treatments increased the grain yield(5.0%- 29.0%,P < 0.05),but the yield of plastic film mulching increased higher than that of straw mulching,Yield of winter wheat increased was mainly caused by being increased spike numbers and 1000-grain weight.In conclusion,both plastic film mulching and straw mulching could regulate soil temperature and enhance the grain yield in the whole growth period of winter wheat,but T11 has the most crop productivity in a semi-arid rainfed area of northwestern China.
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