作 者：
马小川;卢晓鹏;张子木;熊江;潘斌;刘恋;李泽航;唐超兰;谢深喜
单 位：
湖南农业大学园艺园林学院;国家柑橘改良中心长沙分中心
关键词：
温州蜜柑;纬度;土壤养分:叶片营养;果实品质;湖南省
摘 要：
【目的】探究湖南省不同纬度的温州蜜柑园土壤养分含量、叶片营养及果实营养与品质状况,为果园土壤科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】2011—2016年,连续6 a(年)对湖南省3个地区147个温州蜜柑园的土壤养分含量、叶片营养和果实营养与品质进行测定,运用相关性分析的方法,探索土壤养分、叶片养分与果实品质3者之间的关系,指出不同纬度的温州蜜柑园土壤养分存在的问题。【结果】湘北、湘中、湘南3个地区的供试果园土壤p H适宜比例仅为8.3%~19.0%;3个地区有机质含量总体适宜,多数果园土壤有效铁、锰、铜、锌、钙、钼、镁含量适宜或过量,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量偏低,土壤有效硼含量严重缺乏。湖南省不同纬度温州蜜柑园叶片磷、硼略微缺乏,氮、钾、锌不足,钙、镁、钼严重缺乏,铁、锰过量。3个地区的温州蜜柑果实钾含量与纬度的回归方程为y=-0.024x+1.231,纬度与其他果实品质则无明显差异。纬度对土壤、叶片营养和果实品质有一定的影响,其中土壤速效钾、速效锰含量从北到南依次递减;叶片铁、镁含量从北向南逐渐降低,而钾、锰、硼、钼含量由北向南逐渐升高;果实中钾含量与可溶性固形物含量由北往南依次增加。运用相关分析发现,影响果实品质的主要土壤因素为有机质、速效锌、有效钙、有效镁、有效硼。【结论】改善各地区土壤p H,增加土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硼含量是湖南温州蜜柑果园今后土壤管理的重点。
译 名：
Analyses of the soil and tree nutrition and fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin in orchards at different latitudes in Hunan province
作 者：
MA Xiaochuan;LU Xiaopeng;ZHANG Zimu;XIONG Jiang;PAN Bin;LIU Lian;LI Ze-hang;TANG Chaolan;XIE Shenxi;College of Horticulture and Landscape,Hunan Agriculture University;Changsha Subcenter,National Center of Citrus Improvement;
关键词：
Satsuma mandarin;;Latitudes;;Soil nutrient;;Leaf nutrition;;Fruit quality;;Hunan province
摘 要：
【Objective】The soil nutrition, leaf and fruit nutrition and fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin in orchards at different latitudes in Hunan province were analyzed in order to provide reference for soil management in orchards.【Methods】Soil nutrients in 147 Satsuma mandarin orchards in north, central and south Hunan, and leaves nutrition and fruit quality in these orchards were analyzed for 6 consecutive years, from 2011 to 2016. When fruit matured, soil samples were collected from 15-20 sampling points arranged in an S shape in each orchard and leaf and fruit samples were taken at the same time from positions evenly distributed in the tree canopy. Leaf blades at the 2 nd or 3 rd node from the top of the current season spring shoots were sampled. Soil samples at depths of 20-40 cm were taken 10 cm inward from the drip line at two opposite sides of the tree. The relationships among the soil nutrient, leaf nutrition and fruit quality were analyzed in order to find problems of soil nutrition in orchards at differ-ent latitudes.【Results】All the soil p H values in the orchards in north, central and south Hunan were lower than the appropriate range(5.5-5.6). The percentage of orchards with appropriate soil p H in the three regions was only 8.3%-19.0%. The organic matter content was generally suitable in these orchards. Available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mo and Mg in the soils in most of the orchards were appropriate or excessive, while the contents of alkaline N, available P and K were low in north, central and south Hunan, with a percentage of N deficient orchards of 51.7%, 80.6% and 83.0%, respectively. 72.7%-100% of the orchard had a soil effective B below the appropriate value. P and B in the leaves were in slight shortage and N, K and Zn were insufficient. The percentage of the orchards with Ca and Mg deficiency was 85.0%-88.7% and 81.3%-96.2%, respectively. 100% of the orchards showed deficiency of Mo. The average content of Fe was 135-178 mg · kg-1 and the average content of Mn 68-90 mg · kg-1,both being excessive. Soil p H, available N, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg were the highest in northern Hunan,and the organic matter, available P, Mn, Ca, B and Mo were the highest in the south Hunan. No orchards in central Hunan had soils with suitable proportion of nutrients. The regression equation of fruit K content vs latitude was y=-0.024 x+1.231. There was no significant difference in other fruit quality attributes. No significant correlation was found between mineral element contents in the soil and in the fruit. Latitude had some influence on soil and leaf nutrition and fruit quality. The contents of available K and Mn decreased from north to south; those of Fe and Mg in leaves decreased gradually from north to south while those of K, Mn, B and Mo increased. The contents of K and TSS in the fruit increased from north to south. The analysis on the soil and fruit quality indicated that the soil nutrient factors obtained from multiple linear stepwise regressions were significantly different from those obtained from simple correlation analysis screening. The main soil elements influencing fruit quality were organic matter, available Zn, Ca, Mg, and B.【Conclusion】Improving soil p H is needed for Satsuma mandarin orchards at different latitudes in Hunan province. N and B fertilizers should be supplemented in soil fertilization throughout the province. P and K fertilizer should be supplemented regionally. For foliar fertilization, N, K, Zn, Ca, Mg and Mo elements should be added. Improving soil environment improves root vigor and promotes the absorption of nutrients by the trees. Fruit quality attributes in different latitudes were similar. The correlations among most mineral nutrients in soil, leaf and fruit were not significant.Therefore, soil and foliar fertilization should be differentiated in different regions. The key points of soil management for the Satsuma mandarin orchards in Hunan include improvement of the soil p H value and increases in organic matter, alkaline N and available P, K and B.
