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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 大型海洋工程对洋山岛周围海域大型底栖动物生态分布的影响 农业环境科学学报 2007,26 (01) 105-110
Position: Home > Articles > Impact of Huge Ocean Engineering on Distribution Characteristics of Macrobenthos in Waters Around Yangshan Islands in Hangzhou Bay Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2007,26 (01) 105-110

大型海洋工程对洋山岛周围海域大型底栖动物生态分布的影响

作  者：
罗民波;陆健健;沈新强;王云龙;徐兆礼;朱江兴
单  位：
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室
关键词：
海洋工程;大型底栖动物;生态分布;杭州湾洋山岛
摘  要：
杭州湾海域是多种鱼、虾、蟹类繁殖、肥育及仔幼鱼生长场所,又为世界著名的舟山渔场所在海域,生态系统极具脆弱性和复杂性。近年来,一系列海洋工程在杭州湾启动并投入运营。底栖动物直接或间接与杭州湾生态系统大多数理化过程有关,是杭州湾生态系统的重要组成部分。根据2001年的本底调查和2003—2005年4个年度的2月(冬季)、5月(春季)和8月(夏季)对杭州湾附近水域(N30°32′～30°50′、E121°53′～122°17′)20个取样站3个航次的底内动物和底上动物研究,结合洋山深水港工程建设,结果表明,2003—2005年底内动物共出现31种,底内动物生物量总体上呈现下降趋势,优势种季节、年度的更替现象明显,Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H')呈现从2003年到2005年逐渐降低的趋势,单纯度(C)上升,丰富度下降,群落结构趋于简单化,2003—2005年度H′值均小于1,底泥的污染较为严重。底上动物共出现77种,生物量从2001—2005年总体上呈现先上升后下降趋势,2003年生物量为2001年的2.71倍,2005年生物量为2001年的0.69倍,大桥区、港区和航道区三个区的4个年度平均生物量,以港区的生物量为最高,航道区次之,大桥区的最低;底上动物出现优势种(优势度Y≥0.02)16种,优势种的年际演替现象明显;Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H')呈现从2001年到2005年总体下降的趋势,单纯度(C)上升,工程对底栖环境的干扰导致底上动物的栖息地破碎化,群落结构稳定性下降。
译  名：
Impact of Huge Ocean Engineering on Distribution Characteristics of Macrobenthos in Waters Around Yangshan Islands in Hangzhou Bay
作  者：
LUO Min-bo1,2,LU Jian-jian2,SHEN Xin-qiang1,WANG Yun-long1,XU Zhao-li1,ZHU Jiang-xing1(1.Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
关键词：
huge ocean engineering;macrobenthos;ecological distribution;Yangshan Islands;Hangzhou Bay
摘  要：
As a living place of various fishes,shrimps,crabs and parrs,and famous for the Zhoushan Fishing Ground,the Hangzhou Bay ecosystem has the typical flimsiness and complexities.In recent years,a series of ocean engineering started at Hangzhou Bay and were put into use.Benthos has the direct or the indirect relationship with many physical and chemical processes of Hangzhou Bay ecosystem.From 2001 to 2005,an oceanographic comprehensive survey in 20 sampling sites was carried out in waters around the area of Yangshan Islands in Hangzhou Bay(30°32'~30°50'N,121°53'~122°17'E)during the months of February,May and August,representing winter,spring and autumn,respectively.The infauna and epifauna were the main survey contents.There were 31 species of infauna in the 3 years and the species number,biomass and the species diversity declined from 2003 to 2005.Shannon-Wiener indexes of infauna,from 2003 to 2005,were less than 1.00,which indicated that the bottom in research area was polluted.The community of infauna presented simplification.Compared with that in 1982,the biomass raised 2~4 times.In 4 years of 2001,2003,2004 and 2005,the total number of epifauna species was 77,but the biomass increased in 2003 and dropped later.There were 16 dominant species(Y≥0.02)and the obvious annual change of dominant species was observed.Shannon-Wiener index slightly declined from 2001 to 2005(no survey in 2002).The disturbance of the Yangshan engineering made the benthos habitat fragmentate and the stabilization of benthos community structure descended.

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