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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 二花脸猪胚胎期生长发育特性的研究 畜牧兽医学报 1982,13 (2) 15-21
Position: Home > Articles > STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS OF "TWO-FIOWER FACE" SWINE Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1982,13 (2) 15-21

二花脸猪胚胎期生长发育特性的研究

作  者：
葛云山;徐筠遐;杨锐;陈樵;许金友;刘明智;蔡健
摘  要：
本文系对24窝280头二花脸猪胚胎(儿)的生长发育特性进行了系统的研究。结果如下。一·二花脸猪第20天胚胎平均重为0.058克,第30天达1.55克,45天为18.99克,60天为77.55克,75天为218.68克,90天为394.05克,105天为563.81克,112.4天(出生)为682.65克。二·胚胎体躯各部发育不一致,体高、臀高的相对生长一直保持在100％以上,体长在100％左右,胸围在100％以下。三·胎儿的心、肝、肾的发育较胃、大小肠和肺为早,且增重快,脾发育较晚。四·胚胎(儿)的化学成分随胎龄的增长而变化。从第20天至出生日,水分含量由91.95％降至80.45％,蛋白质含量由5.97％提高到13.09％,灰分含量由1.40％(45天)增至3.73％,脂肪含量亦由0.83％(45天)增至1.76％。五·胚胎的胎膜于第60天前迅速发育,随后缓增,至第90天达高峰。胎液中尿囊液于第30天达最高量,75天后急剧地下降;而羊水量随胎龄渐增,75天达高峰,尔后渐减少。估测各胎龄胎膜重与胎儿重的相关,发现除75天外均为强负相关。猪胚胎期的生长发育和生后期一样,受着品种、环境和营养条件的制约。猪和其它家畜一样,胚胎期的发育强度远远超过生后期,而且直接影响生后期的生长发育。因此,对于猪胚胎期的生长发育研究,有助于母猪繁殖性能的提高。国外早在上世纪就开始对猪的胚胎发育进行研究,较系统地报道了大白猪的胚胎发育规律。近几十年来进一步对猪胚胎死亡原因开展了研究。国内这方面的研究报道很少,尤其对于我国猪种的胚胎发育特点的研究更少。我省优良地方猪种——二花脸猪——有产仔多等优良特点,迄今尚无系统地研究其胚胎发育的特点。为此,我们于1979年至1980年开展了二花脸猪胚胎期生长发育特性的研究,目的为进一步研究其高产机制和正确饲养妊娠母猪提供科学依据。
译  名：
STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS OF "TWO-FIOWER FACE" SWINE
作  者：
Ge Yunshan, Xu Yunxia Yang Rui, Chen Giao, Xu Jinyou, Liu Mingzhi, Tsaih Jiahn(Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science)
摘  要：
The growth and development of 280 fetal pigs from 24 litters of "two-flower face" breed were studied systematically, The results are given as follows: 1. Average weights of embryoes on 20th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th, 90th, 105th, 112th day and at birth were 0.0576g, 1.55g, 18.99g, 77.55g, 218.68g, 394.05g, 563.81g, 682.65g respectively. 2. In the development of embryo body, the relative growth rate of wither height and buttock height remained one hundred per cent or over, body length near one hundred per cent and heart girth and head length below one hundred per cent. 3. The development and growth of the heart, liver and kidney of embryoes exhibited earlier and quicker than that of stomach,lung and intestine with the spleen the last. 4. The chemical component of fetal pigs varied with the embryonate age. From the 20th day up to birth, the water content of embryoes decreased from 91.95% to 80.45%0, the protein constituent increased from 5.97% to 13.09%, the total ask increased from 1.40% (45th day) to 3.73%, and the total lipids increased from 0.83% (45th day )to 1.76%. 5. The placenta of fetal pigs developed rapidly before 60th day and then increased gradually to maximum up to 90th day. The weight of allantoic fluid reached maximum on day 30, and decreased rapidly after 75th dey, while the weight of amniotic fluid reached the maximum on day 75 and then gradually decreased there after. A high negative correlation were found between the weight of placenta and that of embryoes with the exception of that on the 75th day.

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